[{"id":51,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: Artist - Square","Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: Main text scribe - Square","Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: 13r","Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: 30r","Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: 7v","Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: 88r","Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288: 98v"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Hamilton 288","name":"Hamilton","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"11","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Hamilton Siddur, Liturgie in der Jüdischen Tradition. in: Jüdische Handschriften. Restaurieren. Bewahren. Präsentieren. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Berlin,  2002. pp 92-95","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-12-20T14:21:21.319017Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:43:41.160953Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:43:41.160744Z","collection":207,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[9],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":17,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1211: Massorete - Square","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1211 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1211: 545r","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1211: 6r"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1211","name":"Erfurt 1","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"30","number_of_ruled_lines":"31","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"יום ה' פרשת שמיני (...) בכ\"ד ימים לחודש ואדר (...) בקג לפרט","date_ce":"1343","date_observations":"24th of Adar II, 5103 = Fri, 29 March 1343\r\nכ״ד בַּאֲדָר ב׳ ק״ג\r\nParashat Shmini\r\nHebrew year 5103 was a leap year (note month: Adar II)\r\n\r\nEven though the scribe wrote Thursday, the 24th day of Adar II,  the 24th was Friday, Thursday was the 23rd of Adar II.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Germany","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"In 1349 it came into the possession of the city council of Erfurt during a pogrom related to the Black Death.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"F. Hubmann - J. Oesch, “Betrachtungen zu den Torarollen der Erfurter Hand\u0002schriften-Sammlung. Untersuchungen zu Gliederung und Sonderzeichen,” in F. Bussert - S. Laubenstein (eds.), Die jüdische Gemeinde von Erfurt und die SchUM-Gemeinden. Kulturelles Erbe und Vernetzung. (Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 1; Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2012), pp. 96-117; E. Caspi, “Gevilim Nisrafim be-Shabbat Ro’sh Ḥodesh Parashat ha-Ḥodesh (Hebrew),” in Sh.Y.L. Hoffmann - M.D. Chechik (eds.), Yerushaseinu (vol 7; Bene Beraq: Machon Moreshet Ashkenaz, 2014), pp. 97-101; J. Penkower, “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch”; A. Martini, “Die Geschichte der Erfurter Handschriftensammlung,” in Die he\u0002bräischen Handschriften der Erfurter Sammlung (2018), www.geschkult.fu berlin.de/e/erfurt\u0002er_sammlung/index. and www.geschkult.fu berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/dokumentation/geschichte_handschriften/index. (accessed 03.05.2021","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-11-21T20:12:57.277779Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:09:54.798955Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:09:54.798803Z","collection":207,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":49,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213: 3r","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213: 6r","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213: 6v"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1213","name":"Erfurt 3","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"29","number_of_ruled_lines":"30","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1100","date_observations":"The Okhla Lists in MS Berlin or. fol. 1213 / Erfurt 3\r\n\r\n\r\nSebastian SeemannBiblical Studies and Exegesis, Hochschule für Jüdische Studien Heidelberg, Germany\r\nSefer Okhla we-Okhla is a medieval Masoretic work, which consists of different lists of rare words or of peculiarities of the text of the Hebrew Bible. The author of this work is unknown, but already in the 10th century it is mentioned by Ibn Jannah exactly under this name. The work could have taken his form in the 8th or 9th century. To this date only two recensions of Sefer Okhla we-Okhla exist: MS Paris Hébreu 148 and MS Halle Yb 10. 4Q. This MSS are written in France (Tsarfat) or Germany (Ashkenaz) but do not contain any colophones, however they are dated back to 12th to 14th century. On the other side exist old masoretical bibles their Masorah Magna contains many lists which are part of the independent Work Sefer Okhla we-Okhla. One of those is MS Berlin or.fol.1213 / Erfurt 3, dated approximately 1100. The paper presents the Okhla lists of this MS and compares some examples with MS Paris Hébreu 148 and MS Halle Yb 10. 4Q. \r\n(https://program.eventact.com/Agenda/Lecture/146627?code=2817165)","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"according to https://juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/de/mittelalter/handschriften/schriften/118747.html\r\nthis maniscript is Ashkenazic:\r\n\"Die Handschrift stammt aus dem aschkenasischen Raum und ist wahrscheinlich die älteste der Erfurter Sammlung der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin.\"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"https://juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/de/mittelalter/handschriften/schriften/118747.html\r\n\r\nhttps://program.eventact.com/Agenda/Lecture/146627?code=2817165\r\n\r\nJ. Penkower “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch Tradition as Reflected in the Erfurt Hebrew Bible Codices and Torah Scrolls”, in Zu Bild und Text im jüdisch-christlichen Kontext im Mittelalter, in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein – M. Stürzebrecher (eds), Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 3 )Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2014.(, pp. 118 – 141\r\n\r\nA. Martini, “Die Geschichte der Erfurter Handschriftensammlung”, in: Die hebräischen Handschriften der Erfurter Sammlung (2018), https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/index.html \r\n\r\n https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/dokumentation/geschichte_handschriften/index.html (last accessed 9.04.2021)\r\n\r\nBenjamin Kennicott, Dissertatio Generalis in Vetvs Testamentvm Hebraicvm cvm Variis Lectionibvs ex Codibvs Manuscriptis et Impressis, 1783, Cod. 602; Johan J. Bellermann, De bibliothecis et museis Erfordensibus, praecipue de Rev[erendi] Ministerii Aug[ustanae] Conf[essionis] Bibliotheca. Pars 1-7, Erfurt 1800–1803, Teil 6, S. 5–7; Johann David Michaelis/Abraham Kall, Dissertationem Philologico-Criticam De Codicibus Mss. Biblico-Hebraicis, Maxime Erffurtensibus, Halle/Magdeburg 1706, § 6, S. 6–7; Adolph Jaraczewsky, Die Geschichte der Juden in Erfurt, Erfurt 1868, S. 116; Paul de Lagarde, „Hebräische Handschriften in Erfurt“, in: Symmicta, Göttingen 1877, Nr. 3, S. 137; Moritz Steinschneider, Die Handschriften-Verzeichnisse der Königlichen Bibliothek zu Berlin, Bd. 2: Verzeichnis der Hebräischen Handschriften, Berlin 1878, Nr. 127, S. 1;","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-12-20T09:07:18.509847Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:56:29.068626Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:56:29.068494Z","collection":207,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":16,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1214: Main text scribe - Square","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1214: Massorete - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1214: 14r","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1214: 275v","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1214: 275v (massorete)"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1214","name":"Erfurt 4","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"27","number_of_ruled_lines":"28","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1200","date_ce":"","date_observations":"the dating 1200 is according to https://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/","locality_of_writing":"Ashkenaz","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Written before 1349. In this year they came into the possession of the city council of Erfurt during a pogrom related to the Black Death. Even though  there are no dated inscriptions on the scrolls themselves and thus an exact date is unavailable, it must predate 1349.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"J. Penkower, “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch Tradition as Reflected in the Erfurt Hebrew Bible Codices and Torah Scrolls”, in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein – M. Stürzebrecher (eds), Zu Bild und Text im jüdisch-christlichen Kontext im Mittelalter (Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 3; Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2014), p118-141","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-11-20T09:19:43.316562Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:56:50.723044Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:54:48.771225Z","collection":207,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":15,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1215: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1215: Erfurt 6"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1215","name":"Erfurt 6","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"48","number_of_ruled_lines":"49","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"most likely written in the first half of the fourteenth century","date_observations":"Hubmann - Oesch, “Betrachtungen zu den Torarollen”, p. 115. Many thanks to Prof. Judith Olszowy-Schlanger, who in a personal conversation helped date the scroll as such: MS or. fol. 1215 (MS Erfurt 6) was most likely written in the first half of the fourteenth century. This dating differ from what is written in the online catalogue of the Berlin State Library, where the dating is as follows: MS or. fol. 1215 (MS Erfurt 6): thirteenth century. At the Erfurt Collection website: www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index (03.05.2021) the datings are as follows: MS or. fol. 1215 (Erfurt 6), end of the thirteenth century.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Written before 1349. In this year they came into the possession of the city council of Erfurt during a pogrom related to the Black Death. Even though  there are no dated inscriptions on the scrolls themselves and thus an exact date is unavailable, it must predate 1349.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"F. Hubmann - J. Oesch, “Betrachtungen zu den Torarollen der Erfurter Hand\u0002schriften-Sammlung. Untersuchungen zu Gliederung und Sonderzeichen,” in F. Bussert - S. Laubenstein (eds.), Die jüdische Gemeinde von Erfurt und die SchUM-Gemeinden. Kulturelles Erbe und Vernetzung. (Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 1; Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2012), pp. 96-117; E. Caspi, “Gevilim Nisrafim be-Shabbat Ro’sh Ḥodesh Parashat ha-Ḥodesh (Hebrew),” in Sh.Y.L. Hoffmann - M.D. Chechik (eds.), Yerushaseinu (vol 7; Bene Beraq: Machon Moreshet Ashkenaz, 2014), pp. 97-101; J. Penkower, “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch”; A. Martini, “Die Geschichte der Erfurter Handschriftensammlung,” in Die he\u0002bräischen Handschriften der Erfurter Sammlung (2018), www.geschkult.fu berlin.de/e/erfurt\u0002er_sammlung/index. and www.geschkult.fu berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/dokumentation/geschichte_handschriften/index. (accessed 03.05.2021); M. Farnadi-Jerusálmi “Palaeographic and Halakhic aspects of the Erfurt Torah Scrolls,” in C. Bergmann - M. Stürzebecher (eds.), Ritual Objects in Ritual Contexts (Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 6; Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2020); Erfurt Collection: www.juedischesleben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ag\u0002es/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index (accessed 03.05.2021)\r\nAn Unknown Ashkenazic Torah Scroll from the Early 13th Century : a Palaeographical Study / Farnadi-Jerusálmi, Mark  in \"Henoch : studi storico-testuali su giudaismo e cristianesimo in età antica e medievale : 43, 1, 2021, Brescia : Editrice Morcelliana, 2021 , 2611-8076 - Casalini id: 5189735\" - P. 105-135","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-11-07T20:46:16.981204Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:49:09.583585Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:49:09.583451Z","collection":207,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[2],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":18,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1216: Main text scribe"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1216: Erfurt 7"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1216","name":"Erfurt 7","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"60","number_of_ruled_lines":"61","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Prof. Judith Olszowy-Schlanger in a personal conversation helped date the following scrolls written in the mid-13th century. This dating differ from what is written in the online catalogue of the Berlin State Library, where the dating is 14th century, \r\nAt the Erfurt Collection website: (www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index, accessed 09.04.2021) the dating is 13th /14th century.","locality_of_writing":"Ashkenaz","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Written before 1349. In this year they came into the possession of the city council of Erfurt during a pogrom related to the Black Death. Even though  there are no dated inscriptions on the scrolls themselves and thus an exact date is unavailable, it must predate 1349.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"F. Hubmann, and J. Oesch, “Betrachtungen zu den Torarollen der Erfurter Handschriften-Sammlung. Untersuchungen zu Gliederung und Sonderzeichen.” in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein (eds.), Die jüdische Gemeinde von Erfurt und die SchUM-Gemeinden. Kulturelles Erbe und Vernetzung. Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 1 (Erfurt:, Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2012), pp. 96–117; E. Caspi, “Gevilim Nisrafim be-Šabbat Roš Chodeš Parašat ha-Ḥodeš” in Sh. Y. L. Hoffmann and M. D. Chechik (eds.), Yerushaseinu, vol. 7, (Bene Berak: Machon Moreshet Ashkenaz, 2014), pp. 97-101; J. Penkower “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch Tradition as Reflected in the Erfurt Hebrew Bible Codices and Torah Scrolls”, in Zu Bild und Text im jüdisch-christlichen Kontext im Mittelalter, in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein – M. Stürzebrecher (eds), Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 3 )Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2014.(, pp. 118 – 141; A. Martini, “Die Geschichte der Erfurter Handschriftensammlung”, in: Die hebräischen Handschriften der Erfurter Sammlung (2018), https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/index.html and https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/dokumentation/geschichte_handschriften/index.html (last accessed 9.04.2021); M. Farnadi-Jerusálmi “Palaeographic and Halakhic aspects of the Erfurt Torah Scrolls”, in, in C. Bergmann – M. Stürzebecher (eds.), Ritual Objects in Ritual Contexts, Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 6 (Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2020); Erfurt Collection: www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index (last accessed 09.04.2021);\r\nNehring, Bonnerot, Gordon, & Rabin. (2021). Writing and Correcting a Torah Scroll in Germany of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (Version Print). Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies Bulletin, 7, 123–147. http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.9870;\r\nBonnerot, Olivier, & Rabin, Ira. (2022). X-Ray Fluorescence and Reflectography Data from Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin manuscript Ms. or. fol. 1216 (Erfurt 7) [Data set]. http://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.10277\r\nN. Gordon, Olivier Bonnerot, Ira Rabin. (2020) Inks Used to Write the Divine Name in a Thirteenth-Century Ashkenazic Torah Scroll: Erfurt 7 (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. or. fol. 1216)Manuscript Cultures. Universität Hamburg. https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/year/2021/docId/52965\r\nAn Unknown Ashkenazic Torah Scroll from the Early 13th Century : a Palaeographical Study / Farnadi-Jerusálmi, Mark  in \"Henoch : studi storico-testuali su giudaismo e cristianesimo in età antica e medievale : 43, 1, 2021, Brescia : Editrice Morcelliana, 2021 , 2611-8076 - Casalini id: 5189735\" - P. 105-135","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-11-23T07:50:51.960612Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:09:24.450563Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:09:24.450425Z","collection":207,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[2],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":19,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1217"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1217: Erfurt 8"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1217","name":"Erfurt 8","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"60","number_of_ruled_lines":"61","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Written before 1349, when they were confiscated from the Jewish community during a pogrom connected with the Black Death.\r\nProf. Judith Olszowy-Schlange  dated the scroll as written close to the date of the 1349 Erfurt pogrom\r\n. \r\nThe dating as written in the online catalogue of the Berlin State Library: 14th century.\r\n\r\nAt the Erfurt Collection website: (www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index, accessed 09.04.2021) the datings is 13th /14th century.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"F. Hubmann, and J. Oesch, “Betrachtungen zu den Torarollen der Erfurter Handschriften-Sammlung. Untersuchungen zu Gliederung und Sonderzeichen.” in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein (eds.), Die jüdische Gemeinde von Erfurt und die SchUM-Gemeinden. Kulturelles Erbe und Vernetzung. Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 1 (Erfurt:, Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2012), pp. 96–117; E. Caspi, “Gevilim Nisrafim be-Šabbat Roš Chodeš Parašat ha-Ḥodeš” in Sh. Y. L. Hoffmann and M. D. Chechik (eds.), Yerushaseinu, vol. 7, (Bene Berak: Machon Moreshet Ashkenaz, 2014), pp. 97-101; J. Penkower “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch Tradition as Reflected in the Erfurt Hebrew Bible Codices and Torah Scrolls”, in Zu Bild und Text im jüdisch-christlichen Kontext im Mittelalter, in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein – M. Stürzebrecher (eds), Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 3 )Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2014.(, pp. 118 – 141; A. Martini, “Die Geschichte der Erfurter Handschriftensammlung”, in: Die hebräischen Handschriften der Erfurter Sammlung (2018), https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/index.html and https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/dokumentation/geschichte_handschriften/index.html (last accessed 9.04.2021); M. Farnadi-Jerusálmi “Palaeographic and Halakhic aspects of the Erfurt Torah Scrolls”, in, in C. Bergmann – M. Stürzebecher (eds.), Ritual Objects in Ritual Contexts, Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 6 (Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2020); Erfurt Collection: www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index (last accessed 09.04.2021)\r\nAn Unknown Ashkenazic Torah Scroll from the Early 13th Century : a Palaeographical Study / Farnadi-Jerusálmi, Mark  in \"Henoch : studi storico-testuali su giudaismo e cristianesimo in età antica e medievale : 43, 1, 2021, Brescia : Editrice Morcelliana, 2021 , 2611-8076 - Casalini id: 5189735\" - P. 105-135","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-11-26T20:21:12.631529Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:09:00.479932Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:09:00.479797Z","collection":207,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":20,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1218: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1218: Erfurt 9","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1218: Erfurt 9  [5]"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1218","name":"Erfurt 9","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"49","number_of_ruled_lines":"50","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Prof. Judith Olszowy-Schlanger, who in a personal conversation dated MS or. 1218 (MS Erfurt 9) most likely from the end of the 13th century.\r\nThis dating differs somewhat from what is written on the online catalogue of the Berlin State Library, where it is dated from the 14th century. At the Erfurt Collection website: (www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index, accessed 09.04.2021) the dating for Ms. or. fol. 1218 (Erfurt 9) is 13th/14th century.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"F. Hubmann, and J. Oesch, “Betrachtungen zu den Torarollen der Erfurter Handschriften-Sammlung. Untersuchungen zu Gliederung und Sonderzeichen.” in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein (eds.), Die jüdische Gemeinde von Erfurt und die SchUM-Gemeinden. Kulturelles Erbe und Vernetzung. Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 1 (Erfurt:, Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2012), pp. 96–117; E. Caspi, “Gevilim Nisrafim be-Šabbat Roš Chodeš Parašat ha-Ḥodeš” in Sh. Y. L. Hoffmann and M. D. Chechik (eds.), Yerushaseinu, vol. 7, (Bene Berak: Machon Moreshet Ashkenaz, 2014), pp. 97-101; J. Penkower “The Ashkenazi Pentateuch Tradition as Reflected in the Erfurt Hebrew Bible Codices and Torah Scrolls”, in Zu Bild und Text im jüdisch-christlichen Kontext im Mittelalter, in F. Bussert – S. Laubenstein – M. Stürzebrecher (eds), Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 3 )Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2014.(, pp. 118 – 141; A. Martini, “Die Geschichte der Erfurter Handschriftensammlung”, in: Die hebräischen Handschriften der Erfurter Sammlung (2018), https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/index.html and https://www.geschkult.fu-berlin.de/e/erfurter_sammlung/dokumentation/geschichte_handschriften/index.html (last accessed 9.04.2021); M. Farnadi-Jerusálmi “Palaeographic and Halakhic aspects of the Erfurt Torah Scrolls”, in, in C. Bergmann – M. Stürzebecher (eds.), Ritual Objects in Ritual Contexts, Erfurter Schriften zur jüdischen Geschichte 6 (Erfurt: Jena, Bussert & Stadeler, 2020); Erfurt Collection: www.juedisches-leben.erfurt.de/jl/en/middle-ages/hebrew_manuscripts/research/index (last accessed 09.04.2021)\r\nAn Unknown Ashkenazic Torah Scroll from the Early 13th Century : a Palaeographical Study / Farnadi-Jerusálmi, Mark  in \"Henoch : studi storico-testuali su giudaismo e cristianesimo in età antica e medievale : 43, 1, 2021, Brescia : Editrice Morcelliana, 2021 , 2611-8076 - Casalini id: 5189735\" - P. 105-135","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-12-05T21:43:02.986400Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:08:14.903138Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T08:08:14.903010Z","collection":207,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[2],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":26,"hand_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1220: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1220: Erfurt Tosefta","Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 1220: Erfurt Tosefta [2]"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. 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Or. Fol. 133: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Berlin, SBB MS. Or. Fol. 133: [5]"],"shelfmark":"Berlin, SBB MS. Or. 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Nr. 2.86]\r\nSignatur: 1 B 159703\r\n*\r\nPatmore, Hector M.:\r\nThe transmission of Targum Jonathan in the West : a study of Italian and Ashkenazi manuscripts of the Targum to Samuel. - Oxford : Univ. Press, 2015. - xxii, 481 p.\r\n[ = S. 306]\r\nSignatur: 1 A 945883\r\n*\r\n- Kennicott: Disseratio generalis..., Nr. 611\r\n\r\nhttps://www.qalamos.net/servlets/solr/select?facet.limit=-1&q=%2B%28%28%2Bmymss_mss01%3AMs.%20%2Bmymss_mss01%3AOr.%20%2Bmymss_mss01%3Aquart.%20%2Bmymss_mss01%3A9%2A%29%20%28%2Bmymss_mss01text%3AMs.%20%2Bmymss_mss01text%3AOr.%20%2Bmymss_mss01text%3Aquart.%20%2Bmymss_mss01text%3A9%2A%29%20%28%2Bmymss_mss01shelfmark%3AMs.%20%2Bmymss_mss01shelfmark%3AOr.%20%2Bmymss_mss01shelfmark%3Aquart.%20%2Bmymss_mss01shelfmark%3A9%2A%29%29&facet.field=category&facet.field=mymss_mssHasDerivate&fl=id&fl=objectType&fl=returnId&fl=category&fl=modified&fl=created&fl=mymss_mss01WithOwner&fl=mymss_mssSortTitle_de&fl=mymss_mssSortTitle_en&fl=mymss_mssSortTitle_orig&fl=mymss_mssSortTitle_orig_lang&fl=mymss_mss28_de&fl=mymss_mss28_en&fl=manuscript_writer_names_de&fl=manuscript_writer_names_en&fl=manuscript_writer_links&fl=mymss_mssDerivateLink&fl=mymss_mss85&fl=mymss_mssIsExemplar&sort=mymss_mssInventWithOwner%20asc&fq=objectType%3A%22manuscript%22&fq=-mymss_mssStatus%3A%28STAT0005%29&facet=on&version=4.5&start=1&fl=id,returnId&rows=1&XSL.Style=browse&origrows=25","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-09-26T08:41:59.086829+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T09:40:23.588729+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T09:39:41.041651+01:00","collection":207,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":129,"hand_set":["Bologna, BU 2208: Main text scribe - Square","Bologna, BU 2208: Massorete - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Bologna, BU MS. 2208: Psalms 18"],"shelfmark":"Bologna, BU MS. 2208","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"26","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"Verical lines vcan be seen only in the photo.","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"בשלישי בשבת בעשרים וששה לחדש אדר שנת תתקנ\"ג\"","date_ce":"Tue, 9 March 1193","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Notes\r\nמס' 2208 (ס' 27796) כולל: רות, תהלים, איוב, משלי, קהלת, שה\"ש, אסתר, עזרא-נחמיה ודברי הימים\r\n\r\nמס' 2209 (ס' 27797) כולל: נביאים ראשונים, ירמיה, יחזקאל, ישעיה, תרי עשר\r\n\r\nבראש כ\"י 2209 העתק מאוחר של יהושע א:א-א:טו\r\n\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001728960205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&SearchTxt=Bologna%202208","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Bibliography\r\n• L. Modona, Catalogo dei codici ebraici della Biblioteca della R. Universita di Bologna (in: Cataloghi dei codici Orientali di alcune Biblioteche d'Italia, Firenze 1878, pp. 321-372)\r\n\r\n• Kennicott, Benjamin, Dissertatio generalis in Vetus Testamentum Hebraicum: cum variis lectionibus, ex codicibus manuscriptis et impressis. Recudi curavit et notas adiecit Paulus Iacobus Bruns. Brunovici: Orphanotrophei, 1783\r\n\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001728960205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&SearchTxt=Bologna%202208","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-09-22T11:47:58.795969+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-04T15:01:52.190792+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:30:10.058991Z","collection":47,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":996,"hand_set":["Budapest, MTA MS. 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A179: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Budapest, MTA MS. A179: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Budapest, MTA MS. A179: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":[],"shelfmark":"Budapest, MTA MS. A179","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"30","number_of_ruled_lines":"30","ruling_observations":"","height":"22,5","width":"16,5","height_of_written_area":"18","width_of_written_area":"12","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"יום ד' י' לחדש אב רצ\"ז לפ\"ק","date_ce":"18 July 1537","date_observations":"The date concerns only one codicological unit of this volume. There are two codicological units: 1. p. 1-120, 2. p. 121-174 (last folio is blank). Colophon: p. 172:\r\n החסיד המקובל מרגניתא דלית ביה טימי כמה\"ר אליה חלפן אביר הרופאים ישרו\"א ותהי השלמתו היום יום ד' י' לחדש אב רצ\"ז לפ\"ק הש' לר' וחסדיו יזכהו להגות בו הוא וזרעו וזרע זרעו ויקיים בו קרא דכתיב לא ימושו מפיך ומפי זרעך וכו'","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0P012","sfardata_link_date":"2025-07-28","ktiv_reference":"990001906460205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/he/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001906460205171&vid=MANUSCRIPTS","ktiv_link_date":"2025-07-28","repository_library_link":"https://real-ms.mtak.hu/14242/","repository_library_link_date":"2025-07-28","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Weisz, Katalog der Hebraeischen Handschriften und Bucher in der Bibliothek des Prof. David Kaufmann (Frankfurt 1906), p.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-07-28T13:32:08.884144+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-07-28T14:58:04.951585+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-07-28T14:58:04.951462+01:00","collection":123,"date_century":16,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":3,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[3],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[11],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":990,"hand_set":["Budapest, MTA MS. A20: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Budapest, MTA MS. 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Here I am copying the more legible part of the deed, starting from the end of the line three:\r\n\r\nהוא וזרעו וזרע זאעו עד סוף כל [הדורות] [...] מקרא דכתי ואני זאת בריתי אותם אתר י רוח אשר עליך ודבר יי אשר שמתי בפיך לא ימושו מפיך מפי זרעך ומפי זרע זרעך אמר י' מעתה ועד עולם\r\n\r\nI have applied UV light in order to try and reconstruct the erased (first) part of the deed of sale. Unfortunately, it was impossible to read with the source of the UV light that we had at our diposal. However, I was able to confirm the nature of the erasure. Most likely, the lines were erased not with the liquid but with a sharp implement so that the upper layers of the parchment containing the ink were completely removed. \r\n\r\nDespite the fact the major part of the ms is written in Sephardi/Provencial script, there are three lines of text on the first folio that are written in Italian. The ff. 1-48 are badly damaged with an upper part of the page missing so it is not possible to conclusively determine the nature of the note. The surviving parts of the note read:\r\n\r\n[...] עד שיזכה לידבק [בש...] [...] [...חם] יזיא וייצר ה' שמויים את האדם עפר מן האדמ[...] לנפש חיה","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0P003","sfardata_link_date":"2025-07-28","ktiv_reference":"990001910060205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/he/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001910060205171-1,FL36508486]]","ktiv_link_date":"2025-07-28","repository_library_link":"https://real-ms.mtak.hu/239/","repository_library_link_date":"2025-07-28","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-07-28T09:07:07.803393+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-07-29T13:20:38.915471+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-07-28T09:48:38.686602+01:00","collection":123,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":64,"meta_lastupdated_by":64,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":249,"hand_set":[],"itemimage_set":[],"shelfmark":"Budapest, MTA MS. 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Catchwords.","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"\"late 11th - mid-12th c.\" based on\r\nhttp://kaufmann.mtak.hu/en/ms50/ms50-coll1.htm\r\n\r\n\"It was written in the tenth or eleventh century.\" based on\r\nhttp://kaufmann.mtak.hu/en/study04.htm","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001910470205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/he/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001910470205171&SearchTxt=kaufmann%20a%2050","ktiv_link_date":"2025-07-29","repository_library_link":"https://real-ms.mtak.hu/274/","repository_library_link_date":"2025-07-29","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/manuscripts/NNL_ALEPH990001910470205171/NLI#$FL16073556\r\nhttp://kaufmann.mtak.hu/en/study04.htm","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-01-14T19:01:18.480719Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-07-30T08:34:32.754093+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-03-27T18:50:30.026287Z","collection":123,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[3],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":999,"hand_set":[],"itemimage_set":[],"shelfmark":"Budapest, MTA MS. A504","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"Cover is made from a folio of a Latin ms.","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"This item is very complex, containing more than seven separate texts; each of those have its own ruling pattern or lack thereof.","height":"260 mm","width":"141 mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"The sizes of the written areas for each of the texts is different.","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"The exact date for each part of the ms (or text) needs to be determined separately.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":"2025-07-29","ktiv_reference":"990001906150205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001906150205171-1]]","ktiv_link_date":"2025-07-29","repository_library_link":"https://real-ms.mtak.hu/15254/","repository_library_link_date":"2025-07-29","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Miksa Weisz, Néhai Dr. Kaufmann Dávid Tanár Könyvtárának Héber Kéziratai És Könyvei (Budapest: Alkalay Adolf és Fia, 1906), p. 166 .","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-07-29T08:32:46.284804+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-07-29T13:17:46.005615+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-07-29T11:30:22.668094+01:00","collection":123,"date_century":17,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":64,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1,2],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[64]},{"id":1326,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5741/ (accessed February 15, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-15T21:32:36.568763Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-16T14:08:33.235976Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-02-16T14:05:21.427706Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1274,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. Mosseri IV.37.3: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Ḥalfon left two money poaches in Tinnīs, to be sent to Fustat. He asks Nahray b. Nissim to pass on to Tinnīs a letter enveloped in the present letter, and to pass on to him any letters that may have arrived for him from Tinnīs. Nissim b. Ḥalfon, together with his partner Abū Saʿīd b. al-Tāhartī, sent two loads of tin and he asks Nahray b. 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Udovitch's digital edition:\r\nRecto\r\n1.\t[כתאבי] יאסידי ומולאי אטאל אללה בקאך ואדאם סלאמתך וסעא[דתך]\r\n2.\t[ונעמ]תך מן מצר לי'ב' כלון מן אב ערפך אללה ואי/א/נא ברכתה [       ]\r\n3.\tו[י]זכינא לנחמת ציון בעד וצול כתבך ביד אלפיג אליהודי וסררני\r\n4.\tעלם סלאמתך דכרת חרקה' עלי שבויים ומא פעלוה פי באבהם\r\n5.\tוהדה כיר מא פעלתה ולו לא אנקטאע אלנאס ען אלתצרף ואל\r\n6.\tאגתמאע כאן אנפעל פי באבהם אמר והם מעולין עלי אנהם\r\n7.\tינפדו כלף ואחד אן ואחד ויסתחצ'רוה אללה תעאלי יעין\r\n8.\tכתבת למולאי אלשיך אבי אלחסן בשכרך לה ושכרתה אנא לדלך\r\n9.\tכנת קד סאלתך פי שרי קמח ארגו אנך פעלת וחמלתה פאנא מעול\r\n10.\tעלי אלתשתיא באסכנדריה באלאהל אן וגדת טריק פחב\r\n11.\tאן יכן לי חבה' קמ[ת] בעצ'ה ענד אשיך אבי עמראן ובעצ'ה\r\n12.\tענד מרדוך ואן [ו]צל כתאבי הדא ואנת פי אלבלד פלא\r\n13.\tתגי פאלוקת צעב ואן גא מימון או גירה תקא תנפד לי\r\n14.\tמעה כ' סוסיא ואמא אלקליובי מא אכדתה מנה שי וקד\r\n15.\tאכדת מן עואץ דינ' גיר קירט ען אשיך אבי אלפרג מרדוך אלדי\r\n16.\tאכדה לה מן אבו סעיד אלנאקה תחאסבה בה ותערפני מא\r\n17.\tפעלה אשיך אבי אלחסן פי באבה' פריג אבן אלמצרי וכתאבי \r\nRight Margin\r\n1.\tמסרע[א]\r\n2.\tקראת ע[ליך אתם]\r\n3.\tאלסלם ואכ[וך]\r\n4.\tאבו סלימאן\r\n5.\tוולדה אלסלם\r\n6.\tו[      ] להם\r\n7.\tאן אכתב\r\nBottom Margin\r\n1.\tואחד\r\n2.\tמנהם\r\nVerso \r\n    [לס]יידי ומולאי אבו אלפרג דניאל בן               מן נהראי בן נסים נ'ע'\r\n    [על]אן אלכהן נ'ע' אטאל אללה בקאה","document_text_translation":"Translation according to Moshe Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2, #265:\r\nRecto\r\n    1. אני כותב לך, אדוני ורבי, ייתן לך אלוהים אריכות ימים ויתמיד את שלומך ואת אושרך\r\n    2. ואת חסדיו לך, מפסטאט, בי׳׳ב באב, יודיע אלוהים, לך ולנו, את ברכתו ….\r\n    3. ויזכנו לנחמת ציון, אחרי בוא מכתבך בידי נושא המכתבים היהודי. שמחתי\r\n    4. לדעת ששלום לך. כתבת על הגזרה(?) על בשויים ומה שעשית בעניינם;\r\n    5. הלוא מה שעשית הוא הטוב שבמעשים; לולה היו האנשים מנועים מן העסקים\r\n    6. ומלהיפגש, היו משיגים בעניינם הישג גדול. ובלבם החלטה\r\n    7. שישלחו להביאם אחד אחד, שיופיע אצלם. אלוהים יתעלה יעזור. \r\n    8. כתבתי לאדוני ורבי אבו אלחסן שאתה מודה לו והודיתי לו (גם) אני על זאת.\r\n    9. לפני כן ביקשתי ממך כי תקנה חיטים, אקווה שעשית זאת ושלחת אותן. אני החלטתי\r\n    10. לעבור את החורף באלכסנדריה עם המשפחה, אם תימצא לי דרך (לזאת), וברצון,\r\n    11. אם תהיה הפרוטה מצויה, אשהה חלק (מהזמן) אצל האדון אבו עמראן וחלק ממנו\r\n    12. אצל מרדוך. ובבוא המכתב הזה, אם אתה בעיר, אל\r\n    13. תבוא, כי הרי הזמן קשה. אם יבוא מימון, או מישהו אחר נאמן, שלח לי\r\n    14. אתו כ׳ (אריגים) סוסיים. אשר לקליובי, לא לקחתי ממנו דבר.\r\n    15. לקחתי מעואץ דינר פחות קיראט, מהאדון אבו אלפרג׳ מרדוך, אשר \r\n    16. קיבל אותו בשבילו מאבו סעיד אלנאקה, חייב אותו בחשבון; והודע לי מה\r\n    17. סידר האדון אבו אלחסן בעניין פריג׳ בן המצרי. כתבתי\r\nRight Margin\r\n    1. בחיפזון;\r\n    2. אני שולח לך את מיטב\r\n    3. דרישות השלום, ולאחיך\r\n    4. אבו סלימאן\r\n    5. ולבנו דרישת שלום\r\n    6. (תמסור?) להם\r\n   7. שאכתוב ….\r\nBottom Margin\r\n….אחד מהם.\r\nVerso\r\nלאדוני ורבי, אבו אלפרג׳ דניאל בן עלאן הכהן נ׳׳ע, ייתן לו אלוהים אריכות ימים; מנהוראי בן נסים נ׳׳ע.","document_text_observations":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissim in Fustat to Abu al-Faraj Daniel b. Allan ha-Kohen in Alexandria, discussing the problem of the ransom of captives and noting that, owing to the lack of funds, prisoners have to be redeemed one by one, ca. 1045-1096.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051238690205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051238690205171&SearchTxt=T-S%2010%20J%2015.11","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-17","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00010-J-00015-00011/1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-17","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Cambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter, T-S 10J15.11. Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/1509/ (accessed December 17, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-17T10:52:36.365087Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-22T16:06:29.102920Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":113,"meta_lastupdated_by":113,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[113],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1130,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.14: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.14: recto","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.14: verso"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.14","name":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissim to Abū Isḥāq Abraham b. Ḥananel (known as Awāḍ)","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"15 + diagonal writing in margins (recto)","number_of_ruled_lines":"0","ruling_observations":"","height":"148","width":"193","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"ca. 1045-1096","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Fustat","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Egypt","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"Moshe Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\nRecto\r\nכתאבי יאכי וסידי אטאל אללה בקאך ואדאם סלאמתך וסעאדתך ונעמתך מן אלאסכ[נדריה     ]\r\nכלון מן תשרי ערפך אללה ברכתה ואעאדה עלינא ועליך סנין כתירה וגמענא [כלנא אלי]\r\nקדסה ואלחאל סלאמה ונעמה אלחמד ללה רב אלעאלמין לי מדה מא ראית מנך [כתאב ואשגל]\r\nדלך קלבי אלי אן וצל רבי יוסף בן אלשוואר( ?) ערפני אנך פי עאפיה וסכנת נפ[סי ומא ערפת]\r\nמא מנעך אן תנפד אלפצ'ה אלא אן תקדם כתאבך אלי ותקול אנך תגיבהא [מעך\r\nתאכרת אלי כיר וקד אסתכרת אללה תעאלי וחמלת אליך צחבה' אלשיך אב[י סעיד מימון]\r\nבן כלפה נ'ע' מכטטה וצלת מן אטראבלס פיה<א> רקעה בשרח מא פיהא[                  אל]\r\nשיך אבי עמראן צהרי תפתחהא ענדה ותתרך ענדה מנהא אלצרה אלדי [\r\nואלצרה אלדי אלי אבן אלאשקר אבו עלי אלדלאל תקול לה יסלמהם להם כל ואח[ד\r\nותתרך ענדה איצ'א אלצרה אלדי אלי אלאמראה אלארמל<ה> תכון ענדה מודו[עה אלי אן]\r\nתגי במשיה אללה ואן ערפת צאחבתהא תכתב אלי ותערפני מן הי ואסמה[א\r\nמן גמלתהא אלצרירתין אלדי לי ואחדה מן קבל ר' יוסף ואכרה מן קבל ר' בר[וך ואן]\r\nכאן פיהם שי גיר גואז תבקיה ותנצ'ר מא כאן עליה וכם תביעה לי עלי [\r\nמן תערפה אנת פי אלקאהרה כמא אערף מן חרצך ואגתהאדך ולא תת[ואנא\r\nוכתבת תמן כל צרה עלי חדה ויגיני כתאבך במא תפעלה פי [\r\nRight Margin\r\nמראכב אלמהדיה אן שא\r\nאללה אללה יאתינא בהא לעל יצל אלינא\r\nנכון נראעיה ויגיני כתאבך באצעאר\r\nאלבצ'איע וסער אלפצ'ה וכם אשתרית\r\nלי מנהא ואן אתפק\r\nמן\r\nTop Margin\r\nינחדר וגהא לי מעה\r\nויכון אנפאדהא\r\nללשיך אבו עמראן\r\nמוסי בן אבו אלחי\r\nותדפע אלי ר' שמואל\r\n[דינר]יין(?)\r\nכתאבי יאכי וסידי אטאל אללה בקאך ואדאם סלאמתך וסעאדתך ונעמתך מן אלאסכנ[דריה ל...]\r\nכלון מן תשרי ערפך ברכתה ואעאדה עלינא ועליך סנין כתירה וגמענא [עלי בניאן]\r\nקדסה ואלחאל סלאמה ונעמה אלחמד ללה רב אלעאלמין לי מדה מא ראית מנך [כתאב ואשגל]\r\nדלך קלבי אלי אן וצל רבי יוסף בן אלעזאר (?) ערפני אנך פי עאפיה וסכנת נפ[סי וערפת]\r\nמא מנעך אן תנפד אלפצה אלא אן תקדם כתאבך אלי ותקול אנך תגיבהא...\r\nתאכרת אלי כיר וקד אסתכרת אללה תעאלי וחמלת אליך צחבה אלשיך אב...\r\nבן כלפה נע מכטטה וצלת מן אטראבלס פיה רקעה בשרח מא פיהא\r\nשיך אבו עמראן צהרי תפתחהא ענדה ותתרך ענדה מנהא אלצרה אלדי (אני רואה בכתב היד שורה נוספת בין שתי שורות אלה, נ.צ.)\r\nותתרך ענדה איצא אלצרה אלדי אלי אלאמראה אלארמל (!) תכון ענדה מוד[עה חתי]\r\nתגי במשיה אללה ואן ערפת צאחבתהא תכתב אלי ותערפני מן הי ואסמה[א ואן]\r\nמן גמלתהא אלצרירתין אלדי לי ואחדה מן קבל ר יוסף ואכרה מן קבל ר בר..\r\nכאן פיהם שי גיר גואז תבקיה ותנצר מא כאן עליה וכם תביעה לי עלי\r\nמן תערפה אנה פי אלקאהרה במא אערף מן חרצך ואגתהאדך ולם\r\nוכתבת תמן כל צרה עלי חדה ויגיני כתאבך במא תפעלה פי\r\nmargin\r\nמראכב אל מהדיה אן שא / אללה אללה יאתינא ביהא לעל יצל אלינא / זבון נראעיה\r\nויגיני כתאבך באצעאר / אלבצאיע וסער אלפצה וכם אשתרית / לי מנהא ואן אתפק\r\nמן /\r\ntop of page\r\nינחדר וגהא לי מעה / ויכון אנפאדהא / ללשיך אבו עמראן / מוסי בן אבו אלחי\r\n/ ותדפע אלי ר שמואל /","document_text_translation":"Translation into Hebrew\r\nMoshe Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\nע׳׳א:\r\nאני כותב, אחי ואדוני, ייתן לך אלוהים אריכות ימים ויתמיד את שלומך ואת אושרך ואת חסדו לך, מאלכסנדריה….\r\nבתשרי, יודיעך אלוהים את ברכתו ויחדשנו עלינו ועליך שנים רבות, ויקבץ את כולנו, אל\r\nקודשו. שלום לי ואני מאושר, תודה לאל ריבון העולמים. מזה זמן לא ראיתי מכתב ממך, והדאיג אותי\r\nהדבר, עד שבא רבי יוסף בן אלשוואר(?) והודיע לי שאתה בריא ונרגעתי. לא ידעתי\r\nמה מנע אותך מלשלוח את הדרהמים, עד השגיע מכתבך אלי שבו אתה אומר שתביא אותם עמך …. (אני מקווה) \r\nשאיחורך הוא לטובה. ביקשתי את עזרת אלוהים יתעלה, ושלחתי אליך על ידי האדון אבו סעיד מימון\r\nבן כלפה נ׳׳ע (כיס) חתום שהגיע מטריפולי וו רשימה עם פירוט מה שנמצא בו …. (לך אל)\r\nהאדון אבו עמראן גיסי, תפתח אותו אצלו ותשאיר אצלו מהם את הכיס אשר ….\r\nוהכיס אשר בשביל אבן אלאשקר אבו עלי אלדלאל, תאמר לו, שימסור להם לכל אחד (לפי הפירוט)\r\nותשאיר אצלו גם את הכיס שבשביל האיעה האלמנה, שיהיה מופקד אצלו עד\r\nשתבוא, ברצון האל; אם אתה מכיר את בעלת (הכיס), כתוב אלי והודיעני מי היא ואת שמה ….\r\nבכללם שני הכיסים הקטנים אשר לי, האחד מאצל ר׳ יסוף ואחר מאצל ר׳ ברוך. אם\r\nיש בהם סכום כסף שאינו במטבע עובר לסוחר, תשאיר אותו ותראה מה נמצא עליו ובכמה תמכור אותו בשביל ….\r\nלמי שאתה מכיר באלקאהרה, על–פי חריצותך וזריזותך, הידועים לי, ואל תתרשל ….\r\nכתבתי את התמורה של כל כיס בנפרד. כתוב לי אפוא מה שעשית ….\r\nשוליים, ימין:\r\nהאוניות מאלמהדייה, ברצון\r\nהאל. אלוהים יביאן לנו; אולי יבוא אלינו\r\nונדאג לו. כתוב לי מכתב, ובו מחירי\r\nהסחורות ומחיר הכסף וכמה קנית\r\n(5–6) לי ממנו, ואם יזדמן מישהו \r\n \r\nשוליים, למעלה\r\nהנוסע, שלח אותו לי עמו.\r\nהמשלוח יהיה\r\nאל האדון אבו עמראן\r\nמוסא בן אבו אלחי.\r\nמסור לר׳ שמואל\r\nשני דינרים(?)\r\nT-S 10J15.14 1v\r\n\r\n100%\r\n\r\n0\r\n°\r\n1v\r\nVerso\r\nאו אכתר אלי חין וצולי ותוציהם יחתפצ'ו עלי אלקמח ולא ימחקו [\r\nוצל לך מן סקליה שי אנא נקבצ'ה לה ויצל אליי כתאבך ותרא מא נפעל פיה [\r\nקד ואקפתה עלי קליל אלשב ענדי פי מכזן אבו אלפרג סער ט'ו' דר'ה' אלקנטאר [\r\nכבירה ותקריהא אלסלאם ותקול להא תקף מעך ותפתח לך אלמכזן אלי אן תב[יע\r\nשב הי עלי קפה אלכרז הי עלי יסאר אלדאכל תזנהא עליה ותסתופי תמנ[הא ותדפעה]\r\nאליה וכתאבי יצל אליך במא יתגדד מן כיר אן שא אללה וכתבת מסתעגל [\r\nאתם אלסלאם ומן תשמלה ענאיתך אלסלאם ואלכבירה ואלצגירה וואלדתהא ואצה[ארך]\r\nאלסלאם ואלשיך אבו אלפרג נסים וולדה אלסלאם וקד כנת אכדת עליך אן תאכד [         ]\r\nאלחריר ואללך אלדי בתניס ותסתעלם מנה אש כאן מנהם ותערפני בדלך [\r\nפיה וקד כנת סאלתך אן תכרג לענדה אללה אללה לא תפרט פיה וארגו אנך קד ק[\r\nעלי אלדמירי אדא תטלבה לו אנך תמר ביה אלי אלקאצ'י אנת מעך וכאלה ואלשיך אבו אלפר[ג\r\nRight Margin\r\nואלפרא לא תפרט\r\nפיהא פהדא וקת\r\nאנגאזהא\r\nBottom Margin\r\nלאכי וסידי אלעזיז עלי אבי צחק אברהם בן חננאל נ'ע'           מן נהראי בן                                                                                        נסים נע\r\n                                 אלמערוף בעואץ'\r\nאטאל אללה בקאה ואדאם סלאמתה וסעאדתה","document_text_observations":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissim in Alexandria to Abū Isḥaq Ibrāhīm b. Ḥananel, known as ʿAwāḍ or ʿIwāḍ, in Fustat, in which the writer asks for information about prices of goods in Fustat, ca. 1045-1096.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":"2025-11-19","ktiv_reference":"990051238720205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051238720205171-1]]","ktiv_link_date":"2025-11-19","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00010-J-00015-00014/1","repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Cambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter, T-S 10J15.14. Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/1511/ (accessed November 19, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-11-19T14:49:22.848644Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-11-19T14:49:42.210751Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-11-19T14:49:42.210593Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1072,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.25: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni); Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.25: 1r","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.25: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.25","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"18","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"134","width":"194","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1052","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Alexandria, Būṣīr","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissim, Fustat, to Abu al-Faraj Yeshu'a b. Ismail, Upper Egypt. The recipient is buying goods. Nahray writes with the news of Abu Imran's death, to confirm that Abu al-Faraj has the money from previous trades, and to discuss future ones.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated by Dr Solomon Schechter and his patron Dr Charles Taylor in 1898 as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051238830205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051238830205171&SearchTxt=T-S%2010%20J%2015","ktiv_link_date":"2025-10-07","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00010-J-00015-00025/1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-10-07","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Cambridge University Library, Mosseri, Moss. II,188.2. Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/en/documents/1514/ (accessed November 25, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-10-07T14:54:00.582905+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-29T08:59:15.425075Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-11-25T11:25:58.380355Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1229,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.4: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.4: recto"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 15.4","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"17","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"139mm","width":"190mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"י\"ב בתשרי","date_ce":"23 September, 1056 CE","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Alexandria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Egypt","place_observations":"Letter from Isma’il b. Farah, Alexandria, to Nahray b. Nissim, Fustat.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated by Dr Solomon Schechter and his patron Dr Charles Taylor in 1898 as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051238620205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051238620205171&SearchTxt=T-S%2010%20J%2015.4","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-21","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00010-J-00015-00004/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-21","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-21T13:04:36.628998Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-16T14:56:04.994180Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-02-16T14:56:04.994010Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":2,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[1],"meta_authors":[2],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1299,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 19.8: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 19.8: recto"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 10 J 19.8","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"26 lines (recto); 8 lines (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"Six lines on the verso are inverted in relation to the recto.","height":"199 mm","width":"167 mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"c. 1045","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Fustat","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Qayrawan","estimated_locality":"Egypt","place_observations":"The letter was sent from Fustat to Qayrawān.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"A letter from Nahray b. Nissim addressed to an individual in Qayrawan mentions galls, camphor water, and a shipment of money. In the letter, Nahray also expresses concern for his family, who are still in Qayrawan. 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Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5846/ (accessed February 12, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-12T15:33:11.549915Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-12T15:33:11.549933Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1169,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Musa al-Tāhartī in Fustat, which contains the prices of goods and information about the movements of ships.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051336270205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051336270205171&SearchTxt=12.366","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-11","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00012-00366/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-11","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Additional bibliography is available on the PGP and Ktiv websites.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-11T10:35:08.589273Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-11T10:35:08.589290Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":113,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[113],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1162,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Isaac) owns several apartments in Alexandria and rents one to Nahray, who has heard rumors that Ephraim is loaning out Nahray's books. The writer admits to loaning two books, but only after receiving a signed receipt. He has business ties with the recipient and mentions selling vinegar. The writer received Nahray's letter aboard a ship just before departure and quickly wrote back on a reused Arabic receipt dating back to 4 March 1051 CE. He also asks about his sick female cousin.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051248680205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051248680205171&SearchTxt=T-S%2013%20J%2023.2","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-21","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00013-J-00023-00002/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-21","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Further bibliography is listed at https://geniza.princeton.edu/en/documents/5896/ \r\nand https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051248680205171&SearchTxt=T-S+13+J+23.2.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-21T14:00:00.814679Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-20T09:31:09.552741Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":113,"meta_lastupdated_by":113,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[113],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1278,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.12: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.12: recto"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.12","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"42 lines + marginalia (recto); 6 lines (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"285 mm","width":"215 mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1055","date_observations":"According to Moshe Gil, the letter was written c. March 1055.","locality_of_writing":"Jerusalem","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Jerusalem, Fustat","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"The letter was sent from Jerusalem to Fustat.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Abūn b. Ṣadaqa al-Maghribī in Jerusalem to Abū Zakariyyā Ḥayyim b. ʿAmmār b. Madīnī in Fustat. Abūn offers condolences to Ḥayyim on the death of his son and defends himself against allegations of owing up to 1000 dinars to the government and the inheritance office. He curses his enemies with ṣaraʿat, the biblical disease akin to leprosy. Writing in bitterness, Abūn understands Ḥayyim's behavior, caused by his grief. He also notes his frustration that Nahray b. Nissim has not responded to his letters.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051249300205171&SearchTxt=13%20j%2025.12","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-04","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00013-J-00025-00012/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-04","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Additional bibliography is available on the PGP and Ktiv websites.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-04T09:16:26.926830Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-04T11:13:46.189296Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":113,"meta_lastupdated_by":113,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[113],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1237,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.9: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.9: recto","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.9: verso"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 25.9","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"29 lines + marginalia (recto); 2 lines (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"294 mm","width":"224 mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"c. September 1062","date_observations":"The letter was written on New Year's eve, probably on September 6, 1062.","locality_of_writing":"Mahdiyya","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Busir (Abusir), Jerusalem, and Sfax","estimated_locality":"Tunisia","place_observations":"The letter was sent from Mahdiyya to Fustat. It probably also mentions Fustat and Palermo.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"According to Moshe Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nRecto\r\n    כתאבי יאסידי ומולאי אטאל אללה בקאך ואדאם סלאמתך מן אלמהדיה ערב ראש השנה ערפך\r\n\r\n    אללה ברכתהא וימנהא ואעאדה עליך שנים רבות שש שמיח ען סלאמה ונעמה למוליהמא\r\n\r\n    אלחמד ואלמנה        תקדם כתאבי אליך פי קארב בן אלעודי ביד אליהוד אלפאסין ערפתך פיה\r\n\r\n    אני אסתכרת אללה תעאלי ובעת מן אלכתאן אלואצל מע בן דיסור עדלין כתאן בוצירי\r\n\r\n    מקארבה עליהא צאלח בן שמואל אלדיין ובקי ענדי עדל קמאט מקארב בהדא אלרסם\r\n\r\n    רדוה עלי בעד אלביע וקד וצל אלי כתאב צאלח בן שמואל מן סקליה יסאלני ען מא וצל\r\n\r\n    בהדא אלרסם פערפתה וערפתך אני חמלת אליך פי קארב בן אלעודי ביד אליהודי\r\n\r\n    אלגרבי צרה פיהא ע דינ מן תמן הדא אלכתאן ואן בקיה אלתמן ענדי נבדלה ונחמלה ואלי אל\r\n\r\n    אן לם ננפצל אן אשתרי אלכתאן וצעב עלי אן נחמלהא דון אן נתקצי אמרי מעה\r\n\r\n    לעל יבדל מנהא שי ונחמל מא יבדלה לי מע אלרבאעיה אליך לאן ערפני חיים בן\r\n\r\n    עמאר אנהא תסוא במצר אכתר ממא תסוא ענדנא וכאן וצל כתאבך פי שרא\r\n\r\n    כרז פאסתכרת אללה ואשתרית מנה מא קדרת עליה ונצמתה וש[ד]ת מנה עלאוה\r\n\r\n    חמלתהא מע רזמה אלי אספאקץ חמלת לי פי מרכב אלקאיד חמל כתב אלל[ה] סלאמתה\r\n\r\n    וקד שדת לך פי דאכל הדה רזמה ספטין מנצומה אדא מן אללה באלסלאמה תגעל [מן]\r\n\r\n    יכרגהם מן אלרזמה וישדהם קטעה אן חסן דלך ענדך ובקי לי ענד אלנצאם [\r\n\r\n    כרז ואקפת זידין ראיס אלגראב עלי חמלה אליך על[\r\n\r\n    תבקאת לי ענד אלכרזי גמלה דנאניר והם קום גיר מסת[קימין\r\n\r\n    וחמלת פי דאכל הדה //אלרזמה// קשאש עמא כאן תלבסה בנתי תתפצל [\r\n\r\n    אלי אליתאמה אלדי פי אלקדס ינפקוה וכתאבי יצל אליך משרוח פי [\r\n\r\n    עלי עגלה פאבסט אלעדר וכאן תקדם סואלי לך פי מא [                       אבו אל]\r\n\r\n    סרור יושע בן נתן ברסם אליתים ולד אברהים בן אלרקי [\r\n\r\n    וגה כאן פאן קדרת עלי דלך תצמנה לה ותדפעה אלי מוסי בן א[\r\n\r\n    מן דאלך עלי אלקאים ביה וכטי הדא בידך חגה עלי לליום ומא ב[עדה\r\n\r\n    לאני משתהי פי אקצא חאגה מן סאלני פי דלך ותדכר לי דלך [\r\n\r\n    אלפיוג אן שא אללה ואמא חאל אלעלו אלדי ברסם רבי ישראל הו לא אמ[רני(?) ]\r\n\r\n    ויריד יתזיד עלי אלדי אשתרא סהם אבי יחיי שי ואשרי[\r\n\r\n    באע אבו יחיי ואזיד בדינ ואתנין פלם יפעל ושק עלי תאכר [\r\n\r\n    חיים בן עמאר דכר אן ואלדה תופי ותרך ענד ר ישר[אל                        וסאלני]\r\n\r\n    סואלך אן תתקעד לה מן תמן הדא אלעלו במא יסת[\r\n\r\nRecto - right margin\r\n    עלי צחה\r\n\r\n    דלך לאנה סאלני\r\n\r\n    סואלך פי דלך ודכר אן\r\n\r\n    וצלת אליה מכאתבה מן אל\r\n\r\n    קדס יבנה במהרה ערפוה\r\n\r\n    במא תרכה ואלדה ענד ר\r\n\r\n    ישראל פעלת מתפצלא\r\n\r\n    ושלום\r\n\r\n\r\nVerso - bottom margin - address\r\n    לסידי ומולאי אבי יחיי נהראי בן נסים נע                  מן יוסף בן מוסי נע\r\n\r\n    אטאל אללה בקאה ואדאם סלאמתה וסעאדתה","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Mercantile letter from Josef b. Musa al-Taherti to Nahray b. Nissim. It concerns the shipments of goods, mostly flax, and the amounts of money that are about to be sent to Egypt. It mentions “the orphans of Jerusalem” for whom Yosef sends his daughter’s used clothes and a shipment to Sfax.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051249270205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051249270205171&SearchTxt=T-S%2013%20J%2025.9","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-23","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00013-J-00025-00009/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-23","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Further bibliography is listed at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5901/ \r\nand https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051249270205171&SearchTxt=T-S%2013%20J%2025.9.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-22T16:23:39.621048Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-20T10:13:09.158252Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-02-20T10:13:09.158033Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":113,"meta_lastupdated_by":113,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[113],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1146,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 8.18: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni); Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 8.18: 1r","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 8.18: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 13 J 8.18","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"29","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"276","width":"183","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1045","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Alexandria","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissīm, Fusṭāṭ, to Barhūn b. Ṣāliḥ al-Tāhartī, probably in Egypt, ca. 1045, concerning business between the two. Mentions a shipment of pearls. Nahray sends his blessing to Khalfa, from the Tāhartī family, for his marriage to a woman from the Uqba family. (Information from Gil, Kingdom, vol. 2, pp. 711-714, #242). VMR. Nahray anxiously mentions to Barhūn that he has already paid the Amīr's emissary Abū Ishāq 150 dīnārs in Fusṭāṭ and it concerns him that the Amīr is still demanding the same from him in Alexandria. \"If, God forbid, he continues to demand payment from you after he knows that it was already collected from me, then you will certainly remind him of his own letter to his emissary Abū Isḥāq, so that he will return to us what he has taken from us.\" YU.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051245150205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051245150205171&SearchTxt=13%20J%208.18,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-01","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00013-J-00008-00018/1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-01","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/1211/ (accessed December 1, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-01T15:11:13.016664Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-16T16:46:00.801479Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-02-16T16:46:00.801250Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1145,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 16.133 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 16.133: recto"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 16.133","name":"Letter from Palermo on Bandar's estate","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"970s-980s have been suggested on the basis of script and individuals mentioned in the document.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Sicily","place_observations":"Sicily was part of the Maghreb at that time.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-11-29T15:04:18.921910Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-11-29T15:08:18.123441Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":10,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":3,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1291,"hand_set":[],"itemimage_set":[],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 16.289","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-07T16:53:38.154158Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-16T14:08:07.447173Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-02-16T14:08:07.447024Z","collection":273,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[],"ink":[],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1270,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 20.71: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 20.71: recto","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 20.71: verso"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 20.71","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"52 lines + marginalia (recto); 48 lines (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"440 mm","width":"230 mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1056","date_observations":"The Cambridge University Library website mentions the year 1056, while the PGP notes \"around 1058.\"","locality_of_writing":"Mahdiyya","localities_mentioned_in_document":"al-Andalus, Alexandria, Busir (Albusir), Sfax, Sicily","estimated_locality":"Tunisia","place_observations":"The letter was sent from Mahdiyya to Fustat. Possibly, Tripoli (Ifrīqiya) is also mentioned in the text.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Joseph b. Musa al-Taherti of Mahdiyya to Nahray b. Nissim in Fustat. It mentions various goods, including silk, copper, and seashells. The writer expresses concern about family matters, particularly regarding the girls who have become orphans.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051345280205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051345280205171&SearchTxt=20.71","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-01","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00020-00071/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-01","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Cambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter, T-S 20.71. 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The writer states that he cannot travel due to his weakness, and that his illness has aged him prematurely, making him different from how Nahray remembers him.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated in 1898 by Charles Taylor and Solomon Schechter as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051228670205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051228670205171&SearchTxt=T-S%208%20J%2019.23","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-02","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00008-J-00019-00023/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-02","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Additional bibliography is available on the PGP and Ktiv websites.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-02T21:15:37.520994Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-04T08:12:03.640180Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":113,"meta_lastupdated_by":113,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[113],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1178,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2051/ (accessed January 7, 2026).\r\n\r\nMoshe Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 3.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-07T11:22:54.595880Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-07T11:29:52.602545Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-01-07T11:29:52.602354Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":64,"meta_lastupdated_by":64,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[6],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[1],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1141,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 8J22.10: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni); Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 8 J 22.10: 1r","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 8 J 22.10: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S 8 J 22.10","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"18","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"138","width":"186","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissim, in Fustat, to Abū l-Surūr Faraḥ b. Ismāʿīl b. Faraḥ, in Būṣīr. Providing instructions about purchases to be made in Būṣīr with details about multiple purses of money, totaling 120 dinars. Encourages him to remain in Būṣīr and \"take it easy\" (takūn khafīf al-ẓahr wa-turīḥ nafsak) rather than toiling in the village (ḍayʿa). He should continue to gather flax little by little. A courier arrived from Alexandria but did not bring any letter from the addressee's father. Nahray understands that the addressee is working in packing (ḥazm) and has not had time to make purchases for al-Kohen or for his paternal uncle. Says that the addressee is not at fault in the matter of Yosef. He acknowledges that the addreseee has been working very hard in a \"year of difficulties\" (shidda). As for the matter of the decree (sijill), Nahray says he continues to work on the matter daily, asking Ibn Shaʿyā for help. Ibn Shaʿyā says that the Ṣāḥib al-Dīwān says that he will not write 200(?) letters to the qāḍī until he receives a rescript (tawqīʿ) for his employment in the district (al-istikhdām fī l-nāḥiya). Nahray has received letters from Tyre, with the news that the merchants' shipments have gone out safely, and that the Qāḍī provided storage for all the shipments, only charging fees if they chose to sell. A galley (shīnī) arrived from Mazara to Alexandria at the end of Ḥeshvan. On verso goes on to discuss business matters with Ibn Muʾmil, Abū l-Ṭāhir the broker (simsār). Nahray has sent with the captain of the ship of al-Sharīf many letters, and with Ibn Nasṭās letters from Zekharya Ibn al-Ashqar, including a letter from Abū ʿImrān Mūsā from his brother. Greetings to various people.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051229520205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051229520205171&SearchTxt=8%20J%2022.10,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-11-25","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00008-J-00022-00010/2","repository_library_link_date":"2025-11-25","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2073/ (accessed November 25, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-11-25T13:31:54.821820Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-16T16:46:10.102307Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-11-25T15:32:30.531522Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1172,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Sighmar, mentioning the disposition of a matter concerning a house and requesting information about various other matters. (Information from Goitein's index cards).","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated by Dr Solomon Schechter and his patron Dr Charles Taylor in 1898 as part of the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990051230020205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990051230020205171&SearchTxt=T-S%208%20J%2024.5,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-29","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00008-J-00024-00005/1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-29","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/3712/ (accessed December 29, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-29T09:35:32.026655Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-16T16:44:56.621682Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-29T10:39:36.176799Z","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1148,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. 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Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/8168/ (accessed January 8, 2026).\r\n\r\nMoshe Gil, \"More About Palestine During the First Muslim Period‎\" (in Hebrew), Cathedra: For the History of Eretz Israel and Its Yishuv‎ 70 (Yad Izhak Ben Zvi / יד יצחק בן-צבי, 1994), 29-58.\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein, unpublished index cards (1950–85), #11061. Princeton Geniza Lab, Princeton University.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-08T12:20:07.116825Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-08T12:20:07.116840Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":64,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[6],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[1],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1317,"hand_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S AS 147.28: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S AS 147.28: recto"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. 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T-S AS 153.29: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S AS 153.29: recto","Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S AS 153.29: verso"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge, CUL MS. T-S AS 153.29","name":"Letter from Nahray b. Nissim to Musa b. 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Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2260/ (accessed December 31, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-31T11:52:38.284161Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-31T11:52:38.284177Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":961,"hand_set":["Cambridge CUL T-S 16.374: Main text scribe; Vocaliser - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Cambridge CUL T-S 16.374: recto","Cambridge CUL T-S 16.374: verso"],"shelfmark":"Cambridge CUL T-S 16.374","name":"Ketubbah of Mastaura","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"300","width":"105 (irregular)","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"בשישי בשבת לירח ניסן בארבעה ימים בו בשנת ארבעת אלפים ושבע מאות ושמנים ושתים לברית עולם","date_ce":"9 March 1022","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Mastaura (Asia Minor, Turkey)","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Mastaura (מסטורא), Meander river (today Büyük Menderes) (נהר מיאנדרוס)","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"Judeo-Greek","language_observations":"The formulary is in Hebrew and Aramaic. Several dowry items are in Greek in Hebrew characters.","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"1 בשישי בשבת לירח ניסן בארבעה ימים בו בשנת ארבעת\r\n2 אלפים ושבע מאות ושמנים ושתים לברית עולם . למניין\r\n3 דירגילנא לממנא ביה במדינת מסטורא הסמוכה לינהר\r\n4 מיאנדרוס איך בא נמר בר אלקנה ואמר לזאת אבדוקיאה\r\n5 בת כלב היו לי לאנתי כדת משה וישראל ואנא איפלח\r\n6 ואוקיר ואפרנס ואסובר יתיכי כהילכת גוברין יהודאין\r\n7 דפלחין ומוקרין ית נשיהון בקושטא ויהיבנא לך מוהר\r\n8 בתולייבי אחיד וקיים עליי מן נכסי כסף זוזי מאתן\r\n9 דאינון תמני דינרין ותילתא דיחזיין ליכי מדאורייתא\r\n10 ומזונייכי וכיסותייכי וסיפוקייכי עלי ומיעל עלייכי\r\n11 כאורחא דארעא וצביאת אבדוקיאה הכלה\r\n12 לאינתי ודן נדונייא דהנעלת אבדוקיאה הכלה\r\n13 מבית אביה מ' כלב לבית נמר בעלה . \r\n14 זוג עגילים שלזהב עם חולי כתם משקלם ששה שקלים\r\n15 כּכּבין בזהב א' וְקוּמְקוּם לֵבֶֿטִין בזהב א' לקנין וקומקו{ם}\r\n16 קטן בנוני וכף שלנחושת בזהוב א' צעיף עם חכסו\r\n17 קשר שלכסף בב' זהובים סמיכה ואנפלין בזהו' א'\r\n18 בגדי נשים שניים בזהו' א' ובגד כפול בַֿבָקֵירוֹן אדום\r\n19 ובגד לבן בזהו' א' סודר נשים כיל כירופלמון\r\n20 בשנים זהובים ואחרים שנים בשנים זהובים . \r\n21 בגד נשים וְסַקוּל שלמרחץ וּמֵשַׁלִּין קטון בזהוב א'","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"Tyberian vowels adapted to Judeo-Greek terms and their pronunciation.","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"The vowels are used for the vernacular Judeo-Greek terms.","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":"2026-02-09","ktiv_reference":"990034201960205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990034201960205171-1]]","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-09","repository_library_link":"https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-TS-00016-00374/1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-09","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Nicholas de Lange, Greek Texts from the Cairo Genizah, J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen, 1996, n° 1, pp. 1-10.\r\n\r\nJulia G. Krivoruchko, “Notes on the Dowry Items in the Mastaura Marriage Deed.” Ginzaei Qedem: Geniza Research Annual 13 (2017): 9–51. \r\n\r\nA. Birnbaum, The Hebrew Scripts, 2 vols, London, 1954-1971, vol. 1, n° 288.\r\n\r\nCambridge University Library, Taylor-Schechter, T-S 16.374. Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/1739/ (accessed February 9, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-05-04T18:40:15.612155+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-11T13:59:44.108465Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-04T21:26:58.134410+01:00","collection":273,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[4],"language":[1,4,13],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[1],"transaction_type":[14],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[4],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3,2],"meta_contributors":[15]},{"id":1036,"hand_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 & MS C.204: Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 Cover","Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 & MS C.204: Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.204 Cover"],"shelfmark":"Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 & MS C.204","name":"The Cluj Mishne Torah fragments","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"20","number_of_ruled_lines":"18","ruling_observations":"As part of a folio, the text frame in this ms is thought to have contained roughly 38 lines (see BwB).","height":"217","width":"97","height_of_written_area":"145","width_of_written_area":"97","dimensions_observations":"The full measures of the folio were reconstructed to H = 330 mm and W = 252 mm.","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Northern Italy","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"MS. C.137: Maimonides - Mishne Torah -Leavened and Unleavened Bread 7.1-4\r\nMS C.204: Maimonides - Mishne Torah, Leavened and Unleavened Bread 5.15 - 5.20","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":"https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/7a30a927d8c6bf9f1b2f1c4e75b554b2.htm","bibliography":"Belea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. Moses Maimonides – Mishne Torah (Fragment), Cluj-Napoca, Biblioteca Academiei Române, MS C.137, wrapper (https://fragmentarium.ms/overview/F-61k0) (last date accessed 17th August 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. Moses Maimonides – Mishne Torah (Fragment), Cluj-Napoca, Biblioteca Academiei Române, MS C.204, wrapper (https://fragmentarium.ms/description/F-erdx) (last date accessed 17th August 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. MS C.137 (https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/7a30a927d8c6bf9f1b2f1c4e75b554b2.htm) (last date accessed: 07th October 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. MS C. 204 (https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/3b9ed4de1f4bf3f2444229f171786324.htm) (last date accessed: 22nd October 2025)\r\n\r\nSee variant of text edited on sefaria.org: Moses Maimonides, Mishne Torah - The Laws on Leavened and Unleavened Bread 7.1-4. Online: https://www.sefaria.org/Mishneh_Torah%2C_Leavened_and_Unleavened_Bread.7?lang=bi (last date accessed: 17th August 2025)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-08-14T09:34:03.706690+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-10-22T16:47:27.576674+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-10-13T08:09:34.337715+01:00","collection":1,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[6],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1,3],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[7],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1033,"hand_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.178 & MS. C.194: Main text scribe; Vocaliser; Massorete - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.178 & MS. C.194: C.178","Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.178 & MS. C.194: C.194"],"shelfmark":"Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.178 & MS. C.194","name":"The Cluj Targum Joathan to Jeremiah 51","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"31","number_of_ruled_lines":"31","ruling_observations":"See BwB","height":"351-360","width":"205","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":"2025-10-09","repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":"2025-10-09","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":"https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/65bd36f089119e4cc0733bdf4a9d63f7.htm","bibliography":"Papahagi, Adrian. Host manuscript description for Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (Fragment), Cluj-Napoca, Biblioteca Academiei Române, MS C.178, wrapper. Online: https://fragmentarium.ms/overview/F-6nyz (last date accessed 17th August 2025)\r\n\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (Fragment), Cluj-Napoca, Biblioteca Academiei Române, MS C.194, wrapper (https://fragmentarium.ms/description/F-bq0m) (last date accessed 17th August 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. MS C.178 (https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/65bd36f089119e4cc0733bdf4a9d63f7.htm) (last date accessed: 07th October 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. MS C.194 (https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/f43156029d119cc73f0c1ecdc76c64e1.htm) (last date accessed: 07th October 2025)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-08-13T07:10:35.083892+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-10-13T08:09:07.176144+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-10-09T08:33:53.904863+01:00","collection":1,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[6],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[3],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[1,2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1122,"hand_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.57540 & MS. C.379: Main text scribe; Vocaliser - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.57540 & MS. C.379: Wrapper C.379","Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.57540 & MS. C.379: Wrapper C.57540"],"shelfmark":"Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.57540 & MS. C.379","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"15","number_of_ruled_lines":"16","ruling_observations":"","height":"205","width":"168","height_of_written_area":"205","width_of_written_area":"60 mm per column (approx)","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Trnava","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Psalms 72.17 - Psalms 73.9\r\nWith Aramaic Targum","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":"https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/fb2dd59095110fce989fa145938f8598.htm","bibliography":"Papahagi, Adrian. Host manuscript description for Cluj-Napoca, Biblioteca Academiei Române, C.57540, wrapper (  https://fragmentarium.ms/overview/F-6fch) (last date accessed 14th November 2025)\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n(Octavius Maria a Sancto Josepho), Trecenta, Et Decem Dubia\r\nCommuni Confessariorum, & Ecclesiasticorum utilitati facili methodo\r\nexplanata A Reverendo Patre Octavio Maria a Sancto Josepho\r\nTusculano Theologo Augustiniano Excalceato : Pro Supplemento\r\naliarum Mille Interrogationum, & Repertorii Morali utriusque fori ab\r\neodem Auctore jam in lucem editorum, [Nürnberg:] Apud Martinum\r\nEndterum, 1706.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-11-14T11:25:35.954617Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-11-14T15:46:25.728288Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-11-14T15:41:18.582760Z","collection":1,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1,2],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[1,2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1030,"hand_set":["Cluj-Napoca, Ms. O. 301: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":[],"shelfmark":"Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. O.301","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"Calf. Ivory. Very thin. Very good quality. No holes, no stitches. With damp damage on the margins and sporadically affecting the decorations and the text. Quires begin on the flesh side (flesh side faces flesh side, hair side faces hair side). Hair follicles also visible on the flesh side. 19th-20th century cardboard binding (Adrian Papahagi). 34 quinions, one ternion (pp. 635-662) and one defective quinion (V-IV with penultimate fol.  a stub – pp. 663-680). First two quires missing. Q. 27 as marked by the Hebrew scribe precedes Q. 26 in the binding). Sewn in four stations at 15mm distance from the top and the bottom with a doubly folded thick white cotton thread. No interstation distances. Two short outer stations (20 mm at the bottom, 15 mm at the top), two long inner stations (45-47mm) (analysis based on middle of the quire on p.107-8).","number_of_written_lines":"19","number_of_ruled_lines":"20","ruling_observations":"Ruled on the flesh side in relief with a sharp instrument which left no coloured trace. A double line marks from top to bottom the margins of the text frame.\r\nPricking visible in the outer margins sporadically (mostly cut out when the folios were trimmed). 20 pricks for 20 ruled lines.\r\nFinal ruled line not written on. \r\n19 written lines for the body of the text - prayer. Ritual explanations are written in smaller letters - in this case, the written line does not follow the ruled lines.","height":"159","width":"123","height_of_written_area":"92","width_of_written_area":"67","dimensions_observations":"Thickness: between 60 (spine) and 70 mm.\r\nMeasurements taken on p. 227.","date_mentioned":"1399","date_ce":"יום א' ב' ניסן קט\"ן","date_observations":"The colophon on p. 414 reads:\r\nחזק מישאל הסופר\r\nכבודך ה' יום א' ב' ניסן קט\"ן\r\nThe date, Sunday 2nd Nisan 5159 corresponds to the Julian calendar date 9th March 1399, despite the awkward order of the letters in the Hebrew year (קט\"ן rather than קנ''ט).","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"With marginal annotations in Italo-Ashkenazi and Italo-Sephardi hands.","language_other":"Latin ownership note on p. 197.","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Mahzor Minhag Roma (so Birnbaum - see bibliography below).","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"Only the prayers are vocalised.","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/YY094","sfardata_link_date":"2025-08-04","ktiv_reference":"990000571910205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000571910205171&SearchTxt=cluj%20napoca","ktiv_link_date":"2025-08-04","repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":"2025-08-04","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Eleazar Birnbaum, \"Maḥzor Roma: The Cluj Manuscript Dated 5159 A.M./ 1399 C.E. and the Public Fast in\r\nRome in 1321 C.E,\" Vol. 76 No. 2 (1985), pp. 59-95.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-08-04T10:00:47.425365+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-10-06T14:03:33.349117+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-08-04T10:44:21.264913+01:00","collection":1,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[9,10,17],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1034,"hand_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. U.61741 & MS. U.64230-64231: Main text scribe 1 - Square","Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. U.61741 & MS. U.64230-64231: Main text scribe; Vocaliser 2 - Square","Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. U.61741 & MS. U.64230-64231: Vocaliser 3 - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. U.61741 & MS. U.64230-64231: U.61741","Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. U.61741 & MS. U.64230-64231: U.64230-64231"],"shelfmark":"Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. U.61741 & MS. U.64230-64231","name":"The Cluj Machzor","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"164 mm","width":"250 mm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Marburg? Amberg?","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":"https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/reconstructed-volume/cf679bdeffccde3b21e66acb71677b21.htm","bibliography":"See also: Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Michael 627: https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/b3f2d1d5-ff07-4a6e-87ea-281c41957925/ (last date accessed: 17th August 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. Machzor – Penitential Prayer (Fragment), Cluj-Napoca, Biblioteca Academiei Române, U.61741, wrapper (https://fragmentarium.ms/overview/F-cjik) (last date accessed: 17th August 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. MS U.61741 (https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/f96ebf3d382aa41012bb2dd5856cfb8e.htm) (last date accessed: 13th October 2025)\r\n\r\nBelea, Miruna; Papahagi, Adrian. MS U.64230-64231 (https://www.hebrewmanuscript.com/bwb-database/notice/3f490afb0c552e1fbedf42d401a50863.htm) (last date accessed: 13th October 2025)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-08-13T09:06:21.456983+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-10-13T11:11:04.406758+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":1,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[6],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[9],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":954,"hand_set":["Schreinsbuch 107/1 [115]: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Cologne, Schreinsbuch 107/1 [115]: n° 115"],"shelfmark":"Cologne, Schreinsbuch 107/1 [115]","name":"Attestation of a donation","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"145","width":"130","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"c. 1273-1275","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Cologne","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"1 נחנו חתומי מטה מעידים ומודיעים לכל רואי האיגרת הזאת \r\n2 שהנער אפרים מכונה קומפרחט בנו של ר' יוסף מארוילרא\r\n3 נתן הבתים שנים שירש מאביו והם חדשים ועומדים תחת \r\n4 גג אחד לר' אפרים ור' שמואל אחי אמו מרת רבקה חציים \r\n5 והם היו כולם בני ר' יצחק מכונה צַלַיינְט וחצי שני הבתים \r\n6 האחד נתן ליעקב ויוסף הנערים וגוטהייל וברונא הבתולות בני ר' עותניאל מכונה ברוניק ומתנה זו נתן להם במתנה  \r\n7 בריא במתנה שלימה מדעתו שלא באונס בנפש חפיצה \r\n8 כשהיה בפיקחותו ובחכמתו לפנינו נתקיימה המתנה \r\n9 יותר משנתיים לפני מותו ואלה הם מצרי הבתים השנים \r\n10 העומדים תחת גג אחד אשר נתן להם לר' אפרים מכונה  \r\n11 קומפרחט ולר' שמואל אחי אמו מרת רבקה בני ר' יצחק \r\n12 חציים וחציים האחר נתן ליעקב וליוסף ולגוטהייל ולברונא \r\n13 בני ר' עותניאל המכונה ברוניק אחי אביו ר' יוסף מארוילרא \r\n14 מצר מזרחי רשות הרבים מצר מערבי שביל של רבים \r\n15 מצר דרומי הבית של מרת קילא מלינשא מצר צפוני \r\n16 הבתים של ר' גויישלק מברושלא כל מה שבתוך מצרים \r\n17 הללו נתן אפרים הנער מכונה קומפרחט לאותן הנקובים \r\n18 למעלה לאחי אמו ולבני אחי אביו ומה שידענו \r\n19 בידיעה ברורה ובעדות נאמנה כתבנו וחתמנו לערכאות \r\n20 של לורנצייש להיות בידם לעדות ולראיה \r\n21 אליעז' העלו' בר' אפרים א'י'ל' \r\n22 יקר העלוב בן הרב ר' שמואל הלוי ז'צ'ו'ל' \r\n23 חיים בן א'מ'ו' הרב ר' יחיאל ח'פ'ץ' ז'ה'ב' ז'ל'ע'","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Hoeniger Robert, Stern Moritz 1888, Der Judenschreinbuch der Laurenzpfarre zu Köln, L. Simion, Berlin, pp. 27-29.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-04-25T08:29:01.901197+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-09T17:44:45.121690+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-09T17:44:26.392117+01:00","collection":271,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[3],"transaction_type":[7,8],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":901,"hand_set":["Datini DC 1026_118r_1: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Datini DC 1026_118r_1: Datini register 1026 fol. 118r entry 1"],"shelfmark":"Datini DC 1026_118r_1","name":"Settlement concerning a shipment of wax","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"100","width":"220","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"Dimensions of the square occupied by this entry on the page.","date_mentioned":"טו אבריל","date_ce":"15 April 1400","date_observations":"Christian calendar. The year is not mentioned in the entry but this page of the register concerns 1400-1401.","locality_of_writing":"Ciutat de Mallorca","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Honein","estimated_locality":"Mallorca","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"confirmation of a settlement of a commercial disagreement","document_text_transcription":"1 מודה אני החתום כי בספינת לוף אנטוני באו לי שנים קושט' שעוה ולמיסר קרישטופול \r\n2 שלשה ומיסר קרשתופול לקח אחד גדול שלי ואני לקחתי אחד קטן שלו ונתפשרין\r\n3 לשקול כל השעוה שלו ושלי ושקלה שלו ח' קי' נקי ושלי שבעה קי' עשרים ליט' \r\n4 נקי והתנינו כי בעת יבא כתב מיסר לאונ{ר}ד ויודיענו משקל השעוה בהוניין שנבא\r\n5 לחשבון ונחלק זאת השעוה לפי המשקל של הוניין ואשר ימצא שלקח יותר שישיב\r\n6 לאחר לפי משקל הוניין ושקלה השעוה שלי בהוניין לפי כתב אחי זה שהראיתי לו \r\n7 חמשה קי' [ו]חמשה לט' ולהיות לו לראיה חתמתי שמי פה טו' אבריל אשתרוק הכהן","document_text_translation":"1 I, the undersigned, acknowledge that in the ship of Luf Antoni came for me two costali of wax and for Mister Cristofol \r\n2 three. And Mister Cristofol have taken one large which was mine, and I have taken one small which is his. And we reached an agreement \r\n3 to weigh all the wax, his and mine. And his weighed 8 q. net and mine seven q. and twenty pounds \r\n4 net. And we have stipulated that when the letter from Mister Leonard arrives and announces the weight of the wax in Honein, we will \r\n5 settle our accounts and divide this wax according to the weight of Honein. If it is found that he took too much, he will return it \r\n6 later according to the weight of Honein. And my wax weighted in Honein, according to this letter from my brother that I have showed him, \r\n7 five q. and five pounds. And to be a proof for him, I signed my name here, on 15 April. Astruc ha-Kohen.","document_text_observations":"This entry records disagreement concerning the distribution of loads of wax which arrived from Honein (Algeria) to Mallorca on Luf Antoni’s boat. On 15 April 1400, Astruc ha-Kohen declared that five loads of wax arrived: two for him and three for Cristofano di Bartolo, director of the Datini company in Mallorca. During the distribution, Cristofano mistakenly took a load of greater weight, estimated at 8 quintals (800 pounds), intended for Astruc, whereas Astruc took a load of lesser weight, estimated at 7 quintals and 20 pounds (720 pounds), intended for Cristofano. In order to make a fair distribution and settle their accounts, they were waiting for a letter from a certain Leonardo , operating in Honein, to confirm to them the weight of the wax when it was weighed in Honein, according to which the division should be carried out. Astruc has already shown Cristofano a letter from his brother specifying that his load of wax weighed 5 quintals and 5 pounds in Honein, according to the local measures.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"This entry does not refer to payment received and is therefore included in the ricordanze section of the register Datini DC 1026, which notes important elements that must be remembered.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-03-03T16:03:33.345416Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-03-03T16:08:41.713994Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":269,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":3,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[3],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11,4],"transaction_type":[21],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":600,"hand_set":["Datini_1028_152v_1: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Datini DC 1028_152v_1: Datini register 1028 fol. 152v entry 1"],"shelfmark":"Datini DC 1028_152v_1","name":"Receipt by Pere Pardo 1","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"26 April","date_ce":"1397","date_observations":"The year is not mentioned in the entry itself but it is written in Roman numerals at the top of the page.","locality_of_writing":"Palma de Mallorca","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"The name of the place is not mentioned in the entry. All the register was created in Palma de Mallorca, in the shop of the Datini Company.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"1 יוה פריה פרדו אטוגר קי אי ראבוט די ǀ 2 ווש אנבייה ולשנר קנטה יד' ליט' ǀ 3 קי שון פרי ראשטה די לנה ǀ 4 אה כו' די אבריל","document_text_translation":"1 I, Pere Pardo, acknowledge that I have received from ǀ 2 you, Mr Veya Velsaner in cash 14 l. ǀ 3 which are for the rest of the wool ǀ 4 on 26 of April.","document_text_observations":"Receipt written by Pere Pardo concerning the cash payment of 14 l. for wool.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-08-15T10:43:43.235252+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-03-03T16:05:53.547319Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-12-18T16:08:47.494548Z","collection":269,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":3,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[3],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[7],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[8,4],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":125,"hand_set":["Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7 - Square","Florence, FIR NAZ MS. Magl II.I.7: Glossator - Non-square (Beinoni)","Florence, FIR NAZ MS. Magl II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, FIR NAZ MS. Magl II.I.7: Main text scribe - Square","Florence, FIR NAZ MS. Magl II.I.7: (Other) - Square","Florence, FIR NAZ MS. Magl II.I.7: Scribe of large letters - Square","Florence, FIR NAZ MS. Magl II.I.7 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: page 14 (26)","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: page 15 (27)","Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7: page 333 (colophon)"],"shelfmark":"Florence, BNCF MS. Fondo Nazionale  II.I.7","name":"Talmud of Florence","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"32","number_of_ruled_lines":"33","ruling_observations":"","height":"360","width":"280","height_of_written_area":"250","width_of_written_area":"190","dimensions_observations":"Written in 2 columns per page. The width of the inner column is 85 mm and of the outer col. is 80 mm","date_mentioned":"ח' ימים קודם הכסא שנת תתקל\"ז","date_ce":"22 July (22 Elul) 1177","date_observations":"Colophon of the scribe of Qodashim, p. CCCXXXIII. It mentions the year, the month of Elul and the octave before 'kese'', that is the new moon.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"France","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Mishna and Babylonian Talmud, 2 different Codicological Units\r\n1. Berakhot, from the beginning (Mishan Berakhot 1, 1) to fol. 60 (four folios are missing), p. I-CXXVI.\r\n2. Order V: Qodashim, incomplete (missing BT Qod. fol. 1-11b). Preserved: Bekhorot (pp. CXXVII-CXCIV); Temoura (pp. CXCIV-CCXLIII) ; Keritot (pp. CCXLIII-CCIC ); Tamid (pp. CCIC-CCCIX); Mishna de Middot (pp. CCCIX-CCCXV); Me‘ila (pp. CCCXV- CCCXXXII); Mishna de Qinin (pp. CCCXXXII-CCCXXXIIT). Missing: Tractates Zevahim, Menahot, Hullin and 'Arakhin, as well as the beginning of Bekhorot.","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"Very few words are vocalised, e.g. p. LXIX.","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Colophon p. CCCXXXIII:\r\nבששי בשבת, ישמריני צורי כבבת, סיימתי זה הספר יהי רצונו שאוכל למצוא כופר, באלול ירח ושמשו למרפא עלינו יזרח, ח' ימים קודם הכסא, הא' יהיה לנו למעוז ולמחסה. שנת תתקל\"?ז? אנו מונין. ושבח ורנן אנו לך מרננין.\r\nThe letters of the name Isaac are pointed out on p. CXLVIII. Isaac was the scribe of the Qodashim part of the manuscript. Berakhot was written by 8 different scribes and 2 apprentices.\r\nCU 1 (Berakhot) and CU 2 (Qodashim) were transmitted together already ic. 1400, as attested by an inscription in Sephardi (Provençal) cursive script in the upper margin of p. I, listing the tractates in the order of the manuscript, beginning with Berakhot.\r\nAnnotations by 13th century French hands\r\nAnnotations by 14th century Provençal hands\r\nAnnotations by 14-15th century Italian hands\r\nManuscript was self-censured by the owners and checked and confirmed by Marchione, the early 15th-century clerk of the Otto di Baglia of Florence.\r\nOwnership mark p. CXXVII, below the text, Italian hand:  הית' בבית מ'  סנוצה והוא ממ\"ר שלמה אחיה and ממ\"ר שלמה בכה\"ר אלייהו, \"It was in the house of Mistress Sanuza, and it is her brother's Mister Salomon's\", and on the left: \"Of Mister Solomon ben Eliyahu\"\r\nanother Italian hand hand: והם כ'א' קונטרי' ו א' קלף, \"and they are 21 quires and 1 sheet of parchment\". 21 quires correspond to the present state of the manuscript. The handwriting and the next ownership mark date this state of the volume to the early 14th century.\r\nOwnership mark, p. CCCXXXIV: זאת הגמרא עם ספר אחר שהוא פסק מסדר נשים מרבי ישעיה מטרני יש לי   שקניתי ממ''ר שלמה מלודיה עבור כ'ב' פרחי' מלולייו קי''ו כמבואר בכתבים שלי בק' ב' עיין שם ותמצא הכל מבואר, \"I bought this Gemara with another book, the Decisions on Nashim by Isaiah of Trani, from Mister Solomon of Lodi for 25 florins in July 116 (=1356), as it is clearly put in my writings (registers, ledgers), in the fascicle (?) 2. Look it up and you will see that all is clear there\".\r\n P. I, Italian 16th century Iא/ךן/מ cursive hand: הגיע לחלק ירושת כמר' יואב כשחלק הספרי' עם ירושת כמר' עמנואל זל' ועם  ירושת  כמר' מרדכי זל' \r\nIt was acquired by Antonio Magliabechi, Librarian of Florence\r\nBeqeathed to the public library of Florence by Magliabechi: paper flyleaf IIr: \"Ex Libris Antonii Magliabechi 4. Iolii 1714. Catalogus primus nostrae Biblioth.\".\r\nOld shelfmark: III. 1. 37","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0E016","sfardata_link_date":"2025-09-22","ktiv_reference":"990001978950205171-1,FL51812768","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/viewerpage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS#d=[[PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001978950205171-1,FL51812768]]","ktiv_link_date":"2025-09-22","repository_library_link":"https://teca.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/manos/browse.jsp?idF=14","repository_library_link_date":"2025-09-22","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Malachi Beit-Arié, Colette Sirat, Mordechai Glatzer, Codices hebraicis litteris exarati ..., vol. IV, Brepols, Turnhout, 2006, n° 79.\r\nMenachem Katz, Asael Shmeltzer, Hillel Gershuni, Sarah Prais: The Complete Manuscripts of the Babylonian Talmud Version 2, June 2017, Page 8\r\n\r\nhttps://bavli.genizah.org/Content/pdfFile/Introductions_B/Introductions_Eng/Bbackground%20to%20complete%20mss%202019.pdfhttps://bavli.genizah.org/Content/pdfFile/Introductions_B/Introductions_Eng/Bbackground%20to%20complete%20mss%202019.pdf \r\n\r\nD. Castelli, \"Catalogo dei codici ebraici Magliabechiani e Riccardiani di Firenze\", in Giornale della Societa Asiatica Italian, XV-XVI (1902-3), pp. 169-175, no\r\n\r\n• מהדורת פקסימילית של כתב-יד זה עם הקדמה מאת ד' רוזנטל ראתה אור בהוצאת מקור, ירושלים תשל\"ב","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-08-26T22:38:30.166098+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-09-22T16:08:39.557403+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:38:18.980490Z","collection":38,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[5],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1,3],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":156,"hand_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut.1.14 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut. 1.14: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut. 1.14","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"15","number_of_ruled_lines":"15","ruling_observations":"","height":"100","width":"70","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"The manuscript comes from the private collection of the Medici family.\r\n\r\nThe present manuscript was seen and described by Mabillon as follows (Museum Italicum [citation No. 190], I, 167): \"Unus codex ex corio antiquissimus […], continens librum Hester, hebraice sine punctis scriptum, absque scriptura in adversa foliorum parte (One codex made of very ancient leather [...], containing the book of Esther, written in Hebrew without points, without writing on the reverse side of the leaves); originally, it had the form of a scroll and was later cut and transformed into a codex, as explained in the following note added on December 4, 1893, by Enrico Rostagno on a flyleaf: 'without dispute, this is not a leather codex! This is clearly made from one of the usual and common scrolls used in synagogues: it was cut into many pieces, which were then properly bound and sewn into a book, undoubtedly to make people believe, whoever could believe it, that it was a leather codex, that is, a rarity!'\". Enrico Rostagno (1860-1942) was a librarian and curator of manuscripts at the Biblioteca Laurenziana from 1890, later becoming its director from 1923 to 1933; see T. Lodi, Enrico Rostagno, \"Accademie e Biblioteche d'Italia,\" 16 (1942), 1-10; P. S. Leicht, Enrico Rostagno, \"Rendiconti della reale Accademia d'Italia. Classe di scienze morali e storiche,\" s. VII, 4 (1942), 91-96; R. Pintaudi (ed.), Gli archivi della memoria. Bibliotecari, filologi e papirologi nei carteggi della Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence 1996, 49-51.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001480250205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001480250205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS","ktiv_link_date":"2025-03-10","repository_library_link":"https://tecabml.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/plutei/id/195250/rec/10","repository_library_link_date":"2025-03-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Bibliothecae Mediceo-Laurentianae catalogus ab Antonio Maria Biscionio ... digestus atque editus, p. 12;\r\n\r\nD. Baldi, Il Codex Florentinus del Digesto e il\" Fondo Pandette\" della Biblioteca Laurenziana (con un'appendice di documenti inediti), in \"Segno e testo\", 8 (2010), pp. 99-186.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-12-07T15:28:16.170299Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-02T16:42:26.887874Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2023-12-11T14:58:02.031223Z","collection":31,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3,5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":157,"hand_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut.1.17: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut. 1.17: 1v","Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut. 1.17: 3v","Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut. 1.17: 4r"],"shelfmark":"Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut. 1.17","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"20","number_of_ruled_lines":"20","ruling_observations":"","height":"190","width":"140","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"The manuscript comes from the private collection of the Medici family.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001480280205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001480280205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS","ktiv_link_date":"2025-03-10","repository_library_link":"https://tecabml.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/plutei/id/424070/rec/11","repository_library_link_date":"2025-03-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Bibliothecae Mediceo-Laurentianae catalogus ab Antonio Maria Biscionio ... digestus atque editus, p. 13;\r\n\r\nM. Kozodoy. \"In the Beginning Was the Poem: Hebrew Prefatory Verse in Golden Age al-Andalus.\" From Catalonia to the Caribbean: The Sephardic Orbit from Medieval to Modern Times. Brill, 2018. 9-26;\r\n\r\nJ.-P. Rothschild. \"Listes de livres hébreux en Italie: nouveaux documents pour une typologie.\" Revue d'histoire des textes 19.1989 (1990): 291-339.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-12-10T20:42:19.980284Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-02T16:42:34.414808Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2023-12-11T14:59:40.863293Z","collection":31,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1,3],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[13],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":952,"hand_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut.1.19: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. 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Plut. 1.22","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"29","number_of_ruled_lines":"29","ruling_observations":"","height":"205","width":"140","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"15th-16th c.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"The manuscript comes from the private collection of the Medici family.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001480510205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001480510205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS","ktiv_link_date":"2025-03-10","repository_library_link":"https://tecabml.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/plutei/id/297159/rec/14","repository_library_link_date":"2025-03-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Bibliothecae Mediceo-Laurentianae catalogus ab Antonio Maria Biscionio ... digestus atque editus, p. 15;\r\n\r\nU. Cassuto, \"Manoscritti ebraici della R. Biblioteca Laurenziana in Firenze\" in Festschrift für Aron Freimann zum 60. Geburtstage (Berlin, 1935): 17-21.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-12-11T14:48:36.872533Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-02T16:42:47.103800Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-05-15T07:42:23.163570+01:00","collection":31,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[12],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":162,"hand_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut.1.26: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. 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Plut. 1.26","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"25","number_of_ruled_lines":"25","ruling_observations":"","height":"210","width":"140","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"The manuscript comes from the private collection of the Medici family.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001480710205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001480710205171&SearchTxt=Plut.I.26,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-03-10","repository_library_link":"https://tecabml.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/plutei/id/199844/rec/17","repository_library_link_date":"2025-03-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Bibliothecae Mediceo-Laurentianae catalogus ab Antonio Maria Biscionio ... digestus atque editus, p. 18;\r\n\r\nT. Lévy. \"The establishment of the mathematical bookshelf of the medieval Hebrew scholar: Translations and translators.\" Science in Context 10.3 (1997): 431-451;\r\n\r\nM. Kozodoy. \"Prefatory Verse and the Reception of the Guide of the Perplexed.\" Jewish Quarterly Review 106.3 (2016): 257-282.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-12-12T14:43:46.817829Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-02T16:42:54.176855Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-03-10T18:23:29.376281Z","collection":31,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[12],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":181,"hand_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. Plut.1.27: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Florence, Laurenz. MS. 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Square"],"itemimage_set":["Haifa, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Beth-Shean: inscription praising the mosaic artisan","Haifa, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Beth-Shean: inscriptions praising the donors","Haifa, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Beth-Shean: inscriptions praising the donors, right side"],"shelfmark":"Haifa, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Beth-Shean","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"inscriptions praising praising the donors and the mosaic artisan","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Part of the floor of a Byzantine synagogue in Beth-Shean. \r\nAt the time of writing  ʻAl pesefas ṿe-even (see below) the mosaic was found in the Rockefeller Museum in Jerusalem, today it is in the Hecht Museum in Haifa.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"על פסיפס ואבן : הכתובות הארמיות והעבריות מבתי הכנסת העתיקים = On stone and mosaic / ʻAl pesefas ṿe-even : ha-ketuvot ha-Aramiyot ṿeha-ʻIvriyot mi-bate ha-keneset ha-ʻatiḳim = On stone and mosaic\r\nYosef Naṿeh\r\n1978\r\nha-Ḥevrah le-ḥaḳirat Erets Yiśrael ṿe-ʻatiḳoteiha, החברה לחקירת ארץ ישראל ועתיקותיה, Yerushalayim, ירושלים \r\n\r\npp 76-78","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-05-23T13:49:09.859636+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:38:43.945707Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:38:43.945574Z","collection":null,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[6],"ink":[3],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[4],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[19],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":981,"hand_set":[],"itemimage_set":["Jerusalem, CAHJP MS. IT/Lu 1/293: 71r"],"shelfmark":"Jerusalem, CAHJP MS. IT/Lu 1/293","name":"Receipt / Donation Acknowledgment","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1732","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Italy, Lugo","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Hebron","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"1 <span data-ct=\"1\">בס״ד </span>\r\n2 <span data-ct=\"6\">זאת תהיה לעדה איך בכח המסור בידינו מכוללות עה״ק חברון תו׳ קבלנו מכוללות ק״ק לוגו יע״א סך חמשים דוקאטי דהיינו שלשים כתורת</span>\r\n3 <span data-ct=\"5\">נדבה ועשרים הנותרים הפליאו חסדם וטובם לתת לנו בתורת מוקדם לפום צערא כי עת צרה היא לנו והם עד ארבעה שנים עפ״י מנהגם</span>\r\n4 <span data-ct=\"17\">המיוסד משנים קדמונית ליתן לק״ק חברון תו׳ חמשה דוקאטי לשנה תחלתם מהיום עד סוף שנה התצ״ו הבעל״ש מאת ה׳ תהיה משכורתם</span> \r\n5 <span data-ct=\"8\">שלימה להריק להם ברכה עד בלי די ולראיה בידם כתבנו וחתמנו שמותינו פה לוגו יע״א במעמד הפרנסים ומלכם בראשם החכם השלם</span> \r\n6 <span data-ct=\"13\">הדיין המצויין הרב הכולל כמהר״ר יצחק מפאנו יצ״ו וזה היה ביום ד׳ לחדש טבת מש׳ לקדושים אשר בארץ המה לפ״ק ושריר וקים </span> \r\n7 <span data-ct=\"14\">ולהפיק רצון השואלים הדו׳ רצינו לבאר שאם באולי יבא שליח מעה״ק חברון תו׳ במשך הארבעה שנים הד״ל אין לו רשות לתבוע מהם אפי׳ </span>\r\n8 <span data-ct=\"8\">פ״ק שכך נתפשרינו עמהם בכח הרשאתנו מעה״ק חברון הנז׳ ולראית חתמנו שמותינו וקים שנית \r\n</span>\r\n9 <span data-ct=\"6\">מודה אני החתום מטה איך קבלתי מק״ק לוגו יע״א</span> \r\n10 <span data-ct=\"16\">חמישה עשר דקאטי שהיו חייבים שלוש שנים </span>\r\n11 <span data-ct=\"17\">מתחלת התצ״ז עד סוף התצ״ט ועוד לקחתי כתורת </span>\r\n12 <span data-ct=\"17\">מוקדם שלוש שנים אחרים שתחילתם מהת״ק עד סוף </span>\r\n13 <span data-ct=\"12\">התק״ג ולראות אמת חתמתי שמי פה לוגו עשרים תמוז התצ״ט </span>\r\n14 <span data-ct=\"3\">שליח ע״ה הקדש חברון עככ״א</span>\r\n\r\n<span data-ct=\"10\">חיים יוסף אליישר\r\nאלי׳ ן׳ ארחא</span>","document_text_translation":"With the help of Heaven\r\nThis is to serve as testimony that, by the authority entrusted to us by the community of the Holy City of Hebron, may it be rebuilt and established, we received from the community of the holy congregation of Lugo, may their city be established in faith, a sum of fifty ducats: that is, thirty as ketoret, and the remaining twenty, they graciously and kindly gave us as a voluntary gift, in advance, in accordance with the principle “according to the pain is the reward,” for it is a time of distress for us. And they [the community of Lugo] have committed themselves for four years, according to their long-established custom, to give to the community of Hebron, may it be rebuilt and established, five ducats per year, beginning today and continuing until the end of the year 5496, may their reward from God be complete, and may blessings be poured upon them without limit. And as proof in their hands, we have written and signed our names here in Lugo, may their city be established in faith, in the presence of the leaders and their head, the complete sage, the distinguished judge, the great rabbi, our teacher and master Yiṣḥaq da Fano, may his Rock preserve him and grant him life. And this took place on day 4 of the month of Tevet, in the year “to the holy ones who are in the land,” according to the abbreviated era, and it is valid and established.\r\nAnd in order to fulfill the wish of the petitioners, we have decided to clarify that if, by chance, an emissary from the Holy City of Hebron, may it be rebuilt and established, should come during these four years mentioned above, he has no right to make any claims from them, not even a single perutah, for thus we have agreed with them, by the authority granted to us by the aforementioned Holy City of Hebron. And as proof, we have signed our names again, and it is valid.\r\n\r\nI, the undersigned, acknowledge that I have received from the holy congregation of Lugo, may their city be established in faith, fifteen ducats that they owed for three years, from the beginning of the year 5497 until the end of 5499 . In addition, I received, as ketorat, an advance for another three years, beginning with the year 5500 and ending at the close of the year 5503. As proof of the truth, I signed my name here in Lugo, on the 20th of Tammuz, 5499. Emissary of the Holy Community of Hebron, may it be rebuilt and established speedily in our days, amen.\r\n\r\nḤayyim Joseph Eliashar \r\nEli' [Eliyahu] ben Arḥa","document_text_observations":"The emissaries drafted the documents in their own hand—a practice that appears to be relatively rare in the context of Italian Jewish communal registers, where scribes or communal secretaries typically recorded such transactions. This autographic act lends the document both heightened authenticity and a personal dimension of commitment. Notably, the emissaries’ signatures are executed in the form of stylized calligraphic tughra—ornamental monograms rooted in Ottoman chancery culture, where they served as imperial emblems combining name, title, and sovereign formula. By adopting this visual idiom, the emissaries draw on a tradition of bureaucratic authority and visual distinction, thereby asserting both their individual identity and the official capacity in which they act on behalf of the Holy Community of Hebron.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"The document records a financial agreement between the Jewish communities of Hebron and Lugo. The community of Lugo transferred a sum to Hebron, part as a voluntary gift and part under specific conditions. Hebron will receive annual payments over several years, with clearly established terms and deadlines. The agreement includes blessings, restrictions on the powers of the emissaries, and is signed by the emissaries themselves with distinctive tughra-style signatures, confirming the validity of the transaction. The document is formally entered in the minute register (pinqas) of the Jewish community of Lugo, which spans the years 1670–1759.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-06-06T14:04:02.246087+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-06-11T13:07:37.307128+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":215,"date_century":18,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[3],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[17],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":980,"hand_set":[],"itemimage_set":["Jerusalem, CAHJP MS. IT/Lu 1/302: 74r"],"shelfmark":"Jerusalem, CAHJP MS. IT/Lu 1/302","name":"Receipt / Donation Acknowledgment","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1737","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Italy, Lugo","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Safed","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"1 <span data-ct=\"1\">בעה״ו</span>\r\n2 <span data-ct=\"13\">זאת תהיה לעדה איך אנחנו שלוחי צפת תוב״ב חתומי מטה בכח המסור בידינו מכוללות ק״ק צפת ת״ו</span> <span data-ct=\"7\">מודים אנחנו איך קבלנו מק״ק</span> \r\n3 <span data-ct=\"7\">לוגו יע״א על ידי הגביר כה״ר נחמיא חי ב״כ המנוח כה״ר משה הכהן סך שבעים דוקאתי מנדבה</span> <span data-ct=\"17\">ונתחייבו הק״ק לוגו יע״א</span> \r\n4 <span data-ct=\"17\">לתת בכל שנה לצפת ת״ו שבעה דוקאתי מדי שנה בשנה</span> <span data-ct=\"8\">ולראית אמת בידם איך קבלנו</span> <span data-ct=\"8\">הסך הנז׳ חתמנו שמותינו</span> <span data-ct=\"2\">פה לוגו יע״א</span> \r\n5 <span data-ct=\"2\">כ״א לחדש טבת משנת התצ״ז</span> <span data-ct=\"9\">ליצירה ושריר וקים</span> \r\n<span data-ct=\"10\">הצעיר חיים יעקב\r\nמאיר די שיגורא</span>","document_text_translation":"With the help and salvation of God\r\nLet this serve as testimony that we, emissaries of Ṣefat—may it soon be rebuilt and reestablished in our days—whose names are signed below, by virtue of the mandate entrusted to us by all the congregations of the holy community of Ṣefat—may it be rebuilt—hereby attest that we have received from the holy community of Lugo—may the Lord protect it—by the hand of the notable Rabbi Naḥmiyah Ḥay, son of the esteemed late Rabbi Moshe ha-Kohen, the sum of seventy ducats as a donation. Moreover, the community of Lugo—may God protect it—has undertaken the obligation to remit each year to the community of Ṣefat seven ducats, annually. In witness to the receipt of the aforementioned sum, we have affixed our signatures here in Lugo—may the Lord protect it—on the 21st day of the month of Ṭevet, in the year 5497 (1737). The foregoing is valid and confirmed.\r\nThe young Ḥayyim Yaʿaqov\r\nMe'ir de Segura","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"This donation receipt, handwritten and signed by two emissaries from the Jewish community of Safed, records a contribution made by the Jewish community of Lugo, transmitted through Naḥmiyah Ḥay, son of the late Rabbi Moshe ha-Kohen. In return, the Lugo community undertook a formal obligation to remit an annual payment to Safed. The document is formally entered in the minute register (pinqas) of the Jewish community of Lugo, which spans the years 1670–1759.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-06-05T16:18:07.175978+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-06-10T20:13:28.740898+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":215,"date_century":18,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[3],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[17],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":350,"hand_set":["Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: Main text scribe; Artist - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: aleph","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: 'ayin","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: entire mosaic","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: lamed","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: mosaic of Rehov, now in the Israel Museum","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: nun","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: qoph","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: ṣade yod","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: samekh","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: shin","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: ṭeth","Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov: zayin"],"shelfmark":"Jerusalem, Israel Museum, Mosaic Floor from a Synagogue in Rehov","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"On stone and mosaic / ʻAl pesefas ṿe-even : ha-ketuvot ha-Aramiyot ṿeha-ʻIvriyot mi-bate ha-keneset ha-ʻatiḳim = On stone and mosaic\r\nYosef Naṿeh\r\n1978\r\nha-Ḥevrah le-ḥaḳirat Erets Yiśrael ṿe-ʻatiḳoteiha, החברה לחקירת ארץ ישראל ועתיקותיה, Yerushalayim, ירושלים \r\n\r\npp 72-76\r\n\r\nBahat, D.\r\n1973 A Synagogue Chancel-Screen from Tel\r\nRehob. IEJ 23: 181–83\r\n\r\nBijovsky, G.\r\n2012 A Byzantine Gold Hoard from Rehov\r\n(H. Parwa). Israel Numismatic Research 7:\r\n147–58.\r\n\r\nlan, Z.\r\n1977 The Site of Talmudic Rehov. Nofim 7:\r\n24–27 (Hebrew).\r\n\r\n1991 Rehov. In Ancient Synagogues in Israel.\r\nTel Aviv, 186–189 (Hebrew).\r\n\r\nIsraeli, Y.\r\n1978 Mosaic Inscription from the Synagogue of\r\nRehov. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.\r\n\r\nMazar, A.\r\n2008 Tel Rehov. The New Encyclopedia of\r\nArchaeological Excavations in the Holy\r\nLand 5: 2013–18. Jerusalem and\r\nWashington D.C\r\n\r\nSussmann, Y.\r\n1974 A Halakhic Inscription from the\r\nBeth-Shean Valley. Tarbiz 43: 88–158\r\n(Hebrew; English summary, pp. V–VII).\r\n\r\nSussmann, Y.\r\n1975 Additional Notes to “A Halakhic\r\nInscription from the Beth-Shean Valley.”\r\n\r\n12 Wall Paintings in the Synagogue of Rehov: An Account of Their Discovery\r\n1976 The “Boundaries of Eretz-Israel.” Tarbiz\r\n45: 213–57 (Hebrew; English summary\r\npp. II–III).\r\n\r\nSussmann, Y.\r\n1981 The Inscription in the Synagogue at\r\nRehob. In Ancient Synagogues Revealed,\r\ned. L. I. Levine, 146–53. Jerusalem.\r\n\r\nSussmann, Y.\r\nTarbiz 44: 193–195 (Hebrew; English\r\n\r\nVitto, F.\r\n1974 Ancient Synagogue at Rehob. ‘Atiqot,\r\nHebrew Series 7: 100–104 (Hebrew;\r\nEnglish summary, pp. 17*–18*).\r\n\r\n1975 The Synagogue at Rehob. Qadmoniot 8:\r\n119–23 (Hebrew).\r\n1976 The Synagogue of Rehov – 1976.\r\nHadashot Arkheologiyot 59–60: 18–19\r\n(Hebrew).\r\n\r\n1980 The Synagogue of Rehov 1980. IEJ 30:\r\n214–17.\r\n\r\n1981a A Byzantine Synagogue in the Beth\r\nShean Valley. In Temples and High Places,\r\ned. A. Biran, 164–67. Jerusalem.\r\n\r\n1981b Rehov. RB 88: 584–86.\r\n\r\n1981c The Synagogue at Rehov. In Ancient\r\nSynagogues Revealed, ed. L. I. Levine,\r\n90–94. Jerusalem\r\n\r\nsummary p. VIII).\r\nJerusalem\r\n\r\n1993 Rehob. The New Encyclopedia of\r\nArchaeological Excavations in the Holy Land\r\n4: 1272–74. Jerusalem.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-03-20T10:00:09.168443Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-03-20T10:07:41.689319Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":129,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":16,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[6],"ink":[3],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[4],"language":[1],"subject_field":[4,6,7],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":141,"hand_set":["Kraków, ANK, sign. 658/1249: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Kraków, ANK Sign. 658/1249: recto"],"shelfmark":"Kraków, ANK Sign. 658/1249","name":"Restriction of Jewish trade agreement","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"218","width":"162","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1485","date_observations":"The Hebrew document does not mention the date, but it is accompanied by a Latin confirmation by the governor (wojewoda) of Kraków, Jan Amor of Tarnow, dated June 1485.","locality_of_writing":"Kraków","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Kraków","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"Poland","language_other":"Polish glosses","language_observations":"The Hebrew contains vernacular glosses in Hebrew characters.","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"declaration on trade agreement","document_text_transcription":"1 נחנו החתומי מטה ראשי ק̇ק̇ דקראקוב מודים ומעידים בחתימת ידינו איך שבהסכמת כל אנשי הקהל נתרצינו וקבלנו עלינו ברצון\r\n2 נפשינו בלי שום אונס כלל שלא להתעסק בשום סחורה  . וכל ענייני סחורה או פרגמטיא נחדל ונעזוב לגמרי . גם לא נוכל לקחת מיני\r\n3 סחורה או פרגמטיא מסוחרים למוכרו על ידינו לגוים אחרים . זולתי המשכונות שלנו אשר כבר עבר זמנם ונפסדו בריבית נוכל\r\n4 למוכרם בתינו בכל עת שיזדמן . ואותם המשכונות לא נהיה רשאים לישא ולטלטל למוכרם ברחובות ובשוקים בתוך העיר\r\n5 זולתי בשני ימים מוגבלים בשבועה שהם יום ג̇ ויום ו̇ יומי דשוקא וגם בימי היריד שהוא יא̇ר מר̇ק . ואותם המשכונות\r\n6 נמכור שנוכל להשבע עליהם שבועה דאוריתא על עשרת הדברות שהם שלנו . ואם יקרה שאיש או אשה בזדון רוחו ילך וישא\r\n7 מטלטלים לתוך העיר למוכרם חדשים או ישנים . וימצא שימכרם או שירצה למוכרם באזה יום \\שירצה\\ שיהיה זולתי בשני\r\n8 הימים הנזכרים לעיל וביא̇ר מר̇ק אז אנשי העיר רשאים לקחת כל המטלטלים הנמצאים אצלו . ועוד היוד̇ה ההוא יושם\r\n9 בתפיסה עד שיתן קנס לאדוננו הוויווד̇א ג̇ זקוזים . גם העבריות העניות יוכלו למכור בכל יום מצנפות וענקים שהם\r\n10 מעשה ידיהם ומלאכתם . והנה להיות האגרת הלז לעדות ולראייה ביד העירונים ואנשי העיר לעשות ולקים כל הא דלעי̇\r\n11 דיעיל בלי עורמה ובלי מרמה כתבנו וחתמנו\r\n12 משה ב̇ר̇ אפרים ז̇ל̇ה̇ה̇\r\n13 יעקב ב̇ר̇ אלכסנדרי הלוי ז̇ל̇\r\n14 יהושוע ב̇ר̇ אפרים ז̇ל̇ה̇ה̇\r\n15 מרדכי ב̇ר̇ יעקב ז̇ל̇ ה̇י̇ד̇","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"ׄ A small zigzag line is placed above vernacular words.","item_history":"Declaration by the heads of the Jewish Community of Kraków concerning the restrictions of the retail trade of Jewish merchants datable to 1485, preserved in the National Archives of Kraków together with the document’s Latin and German translation made in 1492 and a certificate by the town authorities. The document is It is signed by four individuals, Moses son of Efraim, Jacob son of Alexander ha-Levi, Joshua son of Efraim and Mordechai son of Jacob, who represent the \"holy community\" of Kraków. They agree to stop the retail trade of Jewish merchants with Christian in the city, except for selling unredeemed pawns on market days and headgears and necklaces by poor Jewish women at any time.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Feivel Hirsch  Wettstein, Mi-pinkase ha-kahal be-Kraka: le-korot Yiśra’el va-hakhamav, rabanav u-manhigav be-Polania bi-khelal uve-Kraka bi-ferat, Bresloia [1901], pp. I-II.\r\nMajer Bałaban, Historia Żydów w Krakowie i na Kazimierzu 1304-1868, t. I, 2nd ed., Kraków 1931, image after p. 114. \r\nHanna Zaremska, Żydzi w średniowiecznej Polsce. Gmina krakowska, Instytut Historii PAN, Warszawa, 2011, p. 375.\r\nMarcin Starzyński, “Najstarszy dokument hebrajski na ziemiach polskich (1485) i jego tłumaczenia”, Roczniki Historyczne, Rocznik LXXXIII (2017), pp. 187-202.\r\nJudith Olszowy-Schlanger, \"Hebrew Documents from Poland and Silesia and their Legal Formulae Tradition\"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-11-15T22:37:37.388960Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T10:25:37.513270+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T10:25:37.513145+01:00","collection":265,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1,13],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":132,"hand_set":["Legnica Akta Miasta Legnicy, Dokumenty « A », Sygn. 439; Doc. 1451: (Other) - Cursive","Legnica Akta Miasta Legnicy, Dokumenty « A », Sygn. 439; Doc. 1451: (Other) - Non-square (Beinoni); Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Legnica Akta Miasta Legnicy, Dokumenty « A », Sygn. 439; Doc. 1451: recto"],"shelfmark":"Legnica Akta Miasta Legnicy, Dokumenty « A », Sygn. 439; Doc. 1451","name":"Release (מחילה) from Wrocław","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"26","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"190","width":"145","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"2 Sivan 5211","date_ce":"3 May 1451","date_observations":"Monday","locality_of_writing":"Wrocław","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"Silesia (now Poland)","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"1 זכרון עדות שהיית̇ בפנינו <span data-ct=\"2\">בשני ימים לחדש סיון {שנת} חמשת אלפים ומתאים ואחד עשר לבריאת עולם למנין שאנו מנין כאן בעיר \r\n2 ברעסלא</span> איך שבאו לפנינו <span data-ct=\"3\">ר̇ פינחס בר̇ מאיר ואשתו מר̇מנוח̇</span> ואמרו לנו <span data-ct=\"4\">הוו עלינו עדים וקנו ממנו בכל לשון של זכות וכתבו\r\n3 וחתמו ותנו</span> לר̇ <span data-ct=\"3\">חבייה בן הח̇ר̇ מנוח ולאשתו מר̇ נחמ̇</span> להיות בידם לזכות ולראייה <span data-ct=\"5\">מחמת שרצינו ברצון נפשינו שלא באונס\r\n4 אלא בלבב שלם ובנפש חפיצ̇ ובדעת שלימ̇</span> והננו מודים בהודאה גמור̇ שרירא וקיימ̇ דלא בהשנא ודלא בהשטא̇ <span data-ct=\"6\">שנטלנו\r\n5 וקבלנו מהם</span> <span data-ct=\"7\">כל מה שהיה בידם משלנו הן כסף הן שוה כסף ולא נשאר עוד בידם משלנו לא משוה זוז ולמעלה ולא משוה\r\n6 זוז ולמטה</span> <span data-ct=\"6\">כי הכל נטלנו וקבלנו מהם עד גמיר̇</span> <span data-ct=\"14\">לבד כתב פסול אחד קרן עשר̇ זהו̇ עדיי̇ בידם משלנו</span><span data-ct=\"8\">והנה  אנחנו פוטרין\r\n7 אותם ומוחלי̇ להם במחיל̇ גמור̇ כל תביעו̇ שבעולם שהיה לנו עליהם מעולם עד היום הזה מחמת כסף ושוה כסף שהיה בידם\r\n8 משלנו בפטור גמור ובמחיל̇ גמור̇ מחיל̇ עלמין דלא בהשנא̇ ולא בהשטא̇ דלא למיהדר ביה מן יומא דנן ולעלם</span> <span data-ct=\"19\">ומעת̇ אין לנו ולא\r\n9 ליורשינו ולא לכל הבאים אחרינו מכחינו עליה̇ ועל יורשיה̇ ועל הבאים אחריה̇ לא דין ולא דברים ולא קול ולא טענ̇ ולא מצוי ולא\r\n10 עירעור ולא אלה ולא שבועה ולא חרם ולא שמת̇ ואפי̇ חרם סתם מחמ̇ הכסף והשוה כסף</span> <span data-ct=\"19\">ומחמ̇ כל תביעו̇ שבעולם שהי̇ לנו\r\n11עליהם מעולם עד היום הזה</span> <span data-ct=\"8\">לפי שהכל נטלנו וקבלנו מהם עד גמיר̇ והרי הם ויורשיה̇ פטורי̇ ממנו ומיורשינו בפטור גמור\r\n12 ובמחילה גמור̇</span> <span data-ct=\"21\">וגם קבלנו עלינו ועל יורשינו ועל כל הבאי̇ אחרינו מכחינו לפצות אותם ואת יורשיהם אחריהם מכל התובעי̇\r\n13 והמעוררי̇ עמהם מכחינו מחמ̇ התביעו̇ והממון הנ̇ל̇ הן בד̇י̇ הן בד̇ה̇ וכל מה שיוציאו על זה בדי̇ להציל את עצמן מכל\r\n14 התובעי̇ ומן המעוררי̇ איתם מכחינו עלינו לפרוע הכל ולשלם להם כל ההוצא̇ עד גמיר̇ וכל מישיבא מארבע רוחו̇ העול̇\r\n15 בן ובת אח ואחות  יהודי וארמאי קרוב ורחוק יורש ונוחל אוכל נכסינו ופורע חובותינו דאתי ברשותינו ודאתי שלא\r\n16 ברשותינו דיקום ויהג̇ ויטענ̇ ויערער וישתעי דינ̇ עם אותו ר̇ חבייה בן הח̇ר̇ מנוח או עם אשתו מר̇ נחמ̇ הנ̇ל̇ ועם\r\n17 יורשיהם מחמ̇ שטר פטור זה יהיו דבריו בטלים ומבוטלי̇ לא שריר̇ ולא קיימין ויהיו חשובי̇ כחרס הנשבר שאין בו\r\n18 ממש וכטוען אחר מעשה ב̇ד̇ דלא למיעבד ליה דינ̇ לא בד̇י̇ ולא בד̇ה̇</span><span data-ct=\"21\"> ואם יצא שום שטר מידינו או מיד הבאים מכחינו\r\n19 מחמת כל תביעו̇ שבעולם שהיה לנו עליהם מעולם עד היום הזה יהיה שטר פטור זה ומחיל̇ זו שובר עליו דלא למיעבד\r\n20 ליה דינ̇ לא בד̇י̇ ולא בד̇ה̇</span> <span data-ct=\"9\">וכל מודעי ומודעי דמודעי ומודעי דנפקי {מגו} מודעי עד סוף כל מודעי דמודעי שמסרנו כבר\r\n21 ושעתיד אנו למסור על שטר פטור זה ומחיל̇ זו כולם בטלנו בפניכם היום בכל לישני דאנור רבנ̇ דמבטלי̇ בהון מודעי\r\n22 ואחריות שטר פטור זה ומחיל̇ זו ופיצוייו קבלנו עלינו ועל יורשינו ועל כל הבאים אחרינו כחומר כל שטרי פטורין\r\n23 ומחילות דנהיגי̇ בישר̇ העשויין כהילכת̇ כתיקון  חכמי̇ דלא כאסמכת̇ ודלא כתופסי דשטרי</span> <span data-ct=\"4\">וקנינ̇ מן ר̇ פנחס בר̇ מאיר\r\n24 הנ̇ל̇ ומאשתו מר̇ מנוח̇ הנ̇ל̇ לר̇ חבייה בן החר̇ מנוח ולאשתו מר̇ נחמ̇ הנ̇ל̇ וליורשיו ככל מה דכתי̇ ומפרש לעיל במנ̇ דכשר\r\n25 למקני̇ ביה </span><span data-ct=\"11\">שנת על שור̇ עליונ׳ מגו ביני חטי והכל שריר וקים</span>\r\n<span data-ct=\"10\">26 משה בן הר̇ר̇ אברהם ז̇ל̇ ה̇ה̇\r\n27 משה בר̇ אברהם ז̇ל̇ה̇ה̇</span>","document_text_translation":"1 A record of testimony that took place before us on the second day of the month Sivan {of the year} five thousand two hundred eleven of the Creation of the world, according to the computation that we use here, in the city of\r\n2 Bresla, how there came before us R. Pinḥas son of R. Meir and his wife Mistress Menuḥah and said to us: be our witnesses and perform with us a qinyan according to all the legal terminology, and write,\r\n3 sign and give to R. Ḥabayya son of the ḥaver R. Manoaḥ and his wife Mistress Neḥamah to be in their possession as a title and proof, because we wanted to, with the desire of our soul, and without coercion\r\n4 but rather wholeheartedly, willingly and knowingly, and hereby we declare a complete, strong, valid, irreversible and irrevocable declaration that we have taken\r\n5 and received from them all our possessions which were in their hands, both money and money equivalent, and nothing of ours remains any longer in their hands, not the equivalent of a zuz  and more or the equivalent\r\n6 of a zuz and less, because we have taken and received from them everything completely, except for one invalid (Christian) writ for a capital of ten gold coins, which is ours and still remains in their hands. And hereby we release\r\n7 them and remit to them in a complete remittance all the demands in the world which we have ever had against them until this very day, on account of our money and the money equivalent which was in their hands,\r\n8 with a complete release and remittance in perpetuity, which is irreversible and irrevocable, from which there is no return from this very day in perpetuity. And from now on, neither we nor\r\n9 our heirs, nor anyone coming after us on our behalf have against them, against their heirs and those who come after them, any right to a legal action, litigation, voiced complaint, claim, exaction, \r\n10 contesting, or imprecation, oath, ban or excommunication, nor even a general ban, on account of the money and the money equivalent or on account of any demand in the world, which we ever had\r\n11 against them until this very day, because we have taken and received everything from them completely. And hereby they and their heirs are released from us and our heirs in a complete release\r\n12 and complete remittance. We have also accepted upon ourselves, upon our heirs and all those who come after us [the obligation to] to compensate them and their heirs after them with respect to all those who make demands\r\n13 and claims against them on our behalf, because of the aforementioned demands and money, both in the Jewish courts and in the courts of the Nations. And [with respect to] everything that they may spend in courts on this matter to save themselves from all\r\n14 those who make demands and claims against them on our behalf, it is our duty to compensate [them] for everything and pay them completely all the expenses. And if anyone comes from the four winds of the world,\r\n15 son and daughter, brother and sister, Jew or Christian , relative or unrelated, heir, legatee or beneficiary of our estate who pays our debts , whether he comes with our authorization or \r\n16 without and stands, contests, demands, claims and seeks legal action against this R. Ḥabayya ben ḥaver R. Manoaḥ or against his wife, the aforementioned Mistress Neḥamah, and against \r\n17 their heirs on account of this deed of release, their words will be vain and void, not strong, and invalid, as important as a broken vessel which has\r\n18 no value, and like a contestant after a decision of the court not to seek litigation either in Jewish courts or in the courts of the Nations. And if any document is issued by us or by those empowered by us\r\n19 on account of any demands in the world that we had against them until this very day, this deed of release and remittance will be for him an attestation\r\n20 preventing litigation either in Jewish courts or in the courts of the Nations. And all the notifications, and notifications of the notifications and notifications resulting from the notifications until the end of all the notifications of the notifications  which we have already transmitted\r\n21 or which we will transmit against this deed of release and remittance, we have annulled them all before you today, with all the terms with which it is said that our Rabbis annul notifications.\r\n22 And we have taken upon ourselves, our heirs and those who come after us the responsibility for this deed of release and remittance and its compensation just as all the valid deeds of release\r\n23 and remittance which are used among the Jews (lit. in Israel), which are drawn up legally, according to the rules of the sages, and are not like an asmakhta (unrealistic surety) and mere formulas. And we have performed the qinyan with the aforementioned R. Pinḥas son of R.  Meir\r\n24 and his aforementioned wife Mistress Menuḥah in favour of the aforementioned R. Ḥabayya son of the ḥaver R. Manoaḥ and his wife Mistress Neḥamah, and his heirs, according to all which is written and explained above, with an object with which it is appropriate\r\n25 to perform a qinyan. ‘Year’ [written] above the upper line, ‘from’ [written] between the lines: all [this correction] is strong and valid.\r\n26 Moses son of the Rabbi R. Abraham, may his memory be for the world to come\r\n27 Moses son of Abraham, may his memory be for the world to come","document_text_observations":"Deed of release (מחילה)\r\nPinḥas son of Meir and his wife Menuḥah release /acquit Ḥabayya son of Manoḥ and his wife Neḥamah from the sums of money and other belongings of Pinḥas and Menuḥah which were deposited, in unspecified circumstances, with Ḥabayya and Neḥamah. Pinḥas and Menuḥah confirm that all their deposited belongings have been returned to them, except for one document, a Christian bond of loan.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Drawn up before the Jewish tribunal in Wrocław, the document is now kept in the Archives of the town of Legnica in the same region. It is uncertain when and how the document reached the Archives. It was studied there for the first time in the 1860s.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Ascher Sammter, Chronik von Legnitz, vol. I, n° 329b.\r\nAscher Sammter, “Aus dem Archive der Stadt Liegnitz. 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For hearken and hear, (you) whose name is not ineffable. Now quickly obey me (2) through this incantation, for I require from you (that you) muzzle and fasten the mouth of Dafriy son of Mahfriy. Let him not stand against Maḥlefa son of Gayut, (3) but break the heart and deafen the ears of Dafriy son of Mahfriy, and let him not stand against Maḥlefa son of Gayut. In the name of: Suppressed, threshed (4) and trodden. Amen Amen, than[ks] (be) to [E]l. II (5) On your fire-pans, (6) fire-pans that you brought together(?), (7) you sprinkled salt; you bowed, you cut, (8) you donned the frontlet. III (9) Mahfriy (10) (with) anger (11) and wrath (12) he exorcises you, (13) namely, Dafriy (14) son of IV (15) and g[rea]t rage V (16) Tawat daughter of (17) Gura is pregnant. (18) Mimay is pregnant. (19) (One) made (her) big, (20) like me but not by me. (translation after Segal 2000)","document_text_observations":"Inscription note: Inscribed in spiral from the rim inwards, followed by four randomly distributed texts. There are five texts on this bowl.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Segal 2000a / Catalogue of the Aramaic and Mandaic Incantation Bowls in the British Museum (043A)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-07-15T17:08:42.940658+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-12-18T16:02:52.472453Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-12-18T16:02:52.472293Z","collection":263,"date_century":7,"meta_created_by":30,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[4],"document_type":[6],"inscription":[4],"writing_material":[9],"ink":[6],"writing_instrument":[6],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[4],"subject_field":[18],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[30],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":131,"hand_set":["London, BM 1971,0229.1"],"itemimage_set":["London, BM 1971,0229.1: Incantation Bowl 135563"],"shelfmark":"London, BM 1971,0229.1","name":"Incantation Bowl 135563","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"15.90cm","width":"6.80cm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"Height is diameter\r\nWidth is depth","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"6thC - 8thC","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Iraq","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Borsippa","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Incantation","document_text_transcription":"(1) ʾbby ytbnʾ ʾnh gwšnzdwkt bt ʾḥt (2) lbblytʾ rmynʾ bʾswpy ytbnʾ ʾnh gwšnzdwkt bt (3) ʾḥt lbwrspytʾ rmynʾ bʾrʿh pt{t}ytʾ ʾnh dʾnyš lʾ (k)yply (4) hw šmy drmʾ ʾnh dʾnyš lʾ mṣyly ḥd zypʾ mrydtʾ ʾnh dʾnyš lʾ ʾkyly (5) myny nḥr mrdy ʾnh dʾnyš lʾ šty myny byty rḥys ʾysqwpty mrymʾ ʾtw ʾly (6) ḥršy byšy pgʿw pqw wmlltʾ ʾnh gwšnzdwkt bt ʾḥt lʾpyhw npqnʾ mllnʾ wʾmrnʾ lhw (7) lḥršy byšy pqw pgʿw pqw wmlltʾ (ʾ)tw ʾkwl myd ʾzlnʾ wtw ʾyštw my dšytnʾ wtw šwp myd šypnʾ (8) wmlyl ḥršy byšy pgʿ pgʿw pqw wmlltʾ hʾk(n) hyky ny(kw) myd ʾklt wnyšty mdšty wnyšwp mdšypt dʾrʿh (9) ptytʾ ʾt dʾnyš lʾ kypl(k) šmy drmʾ ʾt dʾnyš lʾ mṭylk ḥd zypʾ mrydtʾ ʾt dʾnyš lʾ lʾkymynk nḥr{m} (10) mrʾdy ʾt dʾnyš lʾ šty my(n)k bytyk rḥyṣ ʾysqwptyk mrymʾ ʾylʾtyk zydnʾ ʾbd nybw ʾmšdnybw ʿl ṭḥy qmḥykw (11) zylw wkwlw lh bslyh dnḥmʾ dnykw mynyh wnyḥbl bḥṣbyh dmyʾ dnyšty mynhw wnyḥbl bʾṣwtyh dmyšḥʾ dnyšwp mynyh wnyḥbl (12) bšwm tyqws yhwh ṣbʾwt ʾmn ʾmn slh","document_text_translation":"Inscription translation: (1) I sit at my gate, I, Gušnazdukht daughter of Ahat, (2) I look like the Babylonian. I sit at my vestibule, I, Gušnazdukht daughter (3) of Ahat, I look like the Borsippean. I am on the wide Earth, that no man can overpower me, (4) I am the high heavens, that no man can reach me. I am the bitter harzipa, that no man can eat me, (5) from me. I am the Merari River, that no man can drink from me. My house is secure, my threshold is raised. The evil sorcerers came to me, (6) Pag‘i, Paqi and Mallalta. I, Gušnazdukht daughter of Ahat go out to them, I speak and say to them, (7) To the evil sorcerers, Paga‘, Pag‘i, Paqi and Mallalta: ‘Go eat from what I eat, and go drink from what I drink, and go anoint from what I anoint. (8) The evil sorcerers, Paga‘, Pag‘i, Paqi and Mallalta, said thus: ‘How can we from what you eat and drink from what you drink and anoint from what you anoint? For (9) you are the wide Earth that no man can compel, and you are the high heavens, that no man can reach. You are the bitter Harzifa-herb from which no man can eat. You are the (10) Merari River that no man can drink. Your house is secure, your threshold raised!’ ‘If not, … to your practitioner, to your sender, to the grinder of your flour. (11) Go and put it in his breadbasket that he may eat from it and be sickened, in his water barrel that he may drink from it and be sickened, in his trough/flask of oil that he may anoint with it and be sickened’. (12) In the name of Tiqos YHWH Sebaoth Amen Amen Selah.","document_text_observations":"Inscription note: 12ll; a spell. Inscribed in concentric circles","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Acquired 1971, Kermanshah (town), Iraq","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Segal 2000a / Catalogue of the Aramaic and Mandaic Incantation Bowls in the British Museum (049A)\r\nMuller-Kessler C & Kwasman T 2000a / A Unique Talmudic Aramaic Incantation Bowl\r\nMüller-Kessler C 2001/02 / Die Zauberschalensammlung des British Museum (p.129)\r\nMorgenstern M 2004a / Notes on a Recently Published Magic Bowl\r\nMorgenstern M 2005a / Additional Notes to the Aramaic Magic Bowl BM 135563\r\nGeller M J 2005a / Tablets and Magic Bowls (pp.57-61)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-11-02T18:39:34.944244Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2023-12-07T20:12:51.429543Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2023-12-07T20:12:51.429388Z","collection":263,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":30,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[4],"writing_material":[9],"ink":[6],"writing_instrument":[6],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[4],"subject_field":[18],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[30],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":127,"hand_set":["London, BM 1974,1209.2"],"itemimage_set":["London, BM 1974,1209.2: Incantation Bowl 136204"],"shelfmark":"London, BM 1974,1209.2","name":"Incantation Bowl 136204","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"incantation bowl","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"7.40cm","width":"17.60cm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"Width is diameter","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"6thC-8thC","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Iraq","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Incantation","document_text_transcription":"(1) ʾsyrytwn wḥtymytwn kwlkwn šydyn wdywyn wlylytʾ bhhwʾ ʾyswrʾ (2) qšyʾ ʿzyzʾ wtqypʾ (wmryrʾ) dʾsyrʾ {ṭyn} syṭyn wsyṭyn ʾdwr dʾmʾ prwk prq bysp bn (3) gwʾl lylytʾ byštʾ dmṭʿyʾ lybʾ dbny ʾynšʾ wmytḥzyʾ bḥylmʾ dlylyʾ wmytḥzyʾ bḥyzwnʾ (4) dymmʾ qlyʾ rmyʾ bnʾlʾ nplʾ qtlʾ drdqy wdrdqʾtʾ mrmwṣy wmrmwṣyʾtʾ kbyšh wḥtymh mn bytyh (5) wmn ʾysqwptyh dbhrm gwšnsp br ʾštd ʾnhyd bḥwmrtyh dmyṭṭrwn srʾ rbʾ dmytqry ʾsyʾ rbʾ drḥmy (mbrky) ʾšwnʾ (6) dhwʾ kbyš šydyn wdywyn wḥršyn byšyn wʿwbdyn tqypyn mn bytyh wmn ʾysqwptyh dbhrm gwšnsp br ʾštd ʾnhyd ʾmn ʾmn slh (7) kbyšyn hršyn byšyn wʿwbdyn tqypyn kbyšyn nsy ḥršʾtʾ ʾynyn ḥršyhyn wʿwbdyhwn wlwṭtyhwn wʾqrythwn mn ʾrbʿh myṣr ■■■■■ ■■■■■ ■■■■ sp (8) br ʾštd ʾnhyd kbyšyn wdyšyn (nšy) ḥrštʾ kbyšyn bʾrʿh kbyšyn bšmyʾ kbyšyn mzlyhwn w(k)wkbyhwn ʾsyryn ʿwbdy dyhwn ʾmn ʾmn slh (transliteration after Segal 2000)","document_text_translation":"(1) Bound and sealed are you, all you demons and devils and lilith(s), by that (2) hard, mighty and powerful and strong binding. For bound (are) SYṬYN and SYṬYN, Adur Dama Farruk, PRQ BYSP, son[s] of (3) GWʾL. Evil lilith that leads astray the heart(s) of human kind and appears in a dream by night and appears in a vision (4) by day, burning, casting down, by Nala as she falls, slaying boys and girls, (and) sucklings, male and female - be subdued and sealed, (away) from the house (5) and from the threshold of Bahram Gušnasp son of Aštad Anahid, by the talisman of Meṭaṭron, the great prince that is called the Great Healer of mercies that bless the season, (6) he that subdues demons and devils and evil enchanters and powerful magicians, (away) trom the house and from the threshold of Bahram Gušnasp son of Aštad Anahid. Amen Amen Selah. (7) Subdued be evil sorcerers and powerful magicians, subdued be the sorceresses, they, their sorceries and their magic and their curses and their invocations, from the four borders of [the house of Bahram Gušna]sp (8) son of Aštad Anahid. Subdued and trampled be the sorceresses, subdued on the earth and subdued in the heavens. Subdued be their constellations and their stars, bound be the works of their [h]ands. Amen Amen Selah. (translation after Segal 2000)","document_text_observations":"Inscription note: Inscribed in spiral from the centre outwards.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"This bowl was previously in private hands at Tehran where it was examined by Gordon in 1944/45 and the text published by Gordon in 1951 as his Bowl 1. It is paralleled by another in the Oriental Institute Chicago (A35804). Segal's edition was reviewed critically by Muller-Kessler 2001/02 and needs to be used cautiously and a new edition is forthcoming.\r\nAcquisition date: 1974\r\nAcquisition notes: This bowl was previously in private hands at Tehran where it was examined by Gordon in 1944/45 and the text published by Gordon in 1951.\r\n(All information copied from British Museum archive)","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Bibliographic references\r\nSegal 2000a / Catalogue of the Aramaic and Mandaic Incantation Bowls in the British Museum (068A)\r\nMüller-Kessler C 2001/02 / Die Zauberschalensammlung des British Museum (pp.129-30)\r\nCurtis 2000b / Mesopotamia and Iran in the Parthian and Sasanian Periods: Rejection and Revival c. 238 BC - AD 642 (Proceedings of a Seminar in memory of Vladimir G. Lukonin) (pl.31)\r\nGordon 1951 / Two Magic Bowls in Teheran (pp.306-309)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-09-06T13:49:49.523425+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2023-12-07T20:13:21.047287Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2023-11-05T22:42:31.301022Z","collection":264,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":30,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[4],"writing_material":[9],"ink":[6],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[18],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[30],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":83,"hand_set":["London, BM 1980,0415.1"],"itemimage_set":["London, BM 1980,0415.1: Incantation Bowl 91713"],"shelfmark":"London, BM 1980,0415.1","name":"Incantation Bowl 91713","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"incantation bowl","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"17.30cm","width":"7.20cm","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"Height is Diameter\r\nWidth is Depth","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"6thC-8thC","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Iraq","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Incantation","document_text_transcription":"Inscription transliteration: (1) lyṭ hpykʾ hpykʾ hpykʾ hpykʾ hpykʾ hpykʾ (2) hpykʾ hpykʾ ʾrʿʾ wyšmyʾ hpyky kwkby wmzly (3) hpyky šwqy wbyrytʾ hpykʾ šʿtʾ dkwl bny ʾynšʾ hpykʾ (4) Iwṭtʾ dymʾ wybrth dkltʾ wyḥmth dgbry wynšy dqymyn bdbrʾ (5) wybmtʾ wybṭwrʾ wbyt ʾylhy wbyt knyštʾ ʾsyrʾ {w} wḥtymʾ lwṭtʾ dlṭt bšwm (6) bytyʾl wyqwtyʾl wbyšmyh dyyy rbʾ mlʾkh dytlyh ḥdʿšr šmyn sskbʾ kbbʾ (kny)brʾ sryʾ (7) syrʾdyʾ mryryʾ ʿnnyʾ btwqpʾ ʾnqpʾ ʾns psps kbyby bnwrʾ kwl mn dʿbr ʿl hlyn šmhtʾ (8) mlʾky ʾylyn ʾsyryn wyḥtymyn kwl šydyn wšwpṭyn wkwl dlrʿʾ qryh wkwl dlyšmyʾ mṣytʾ šmyt ql ʾrʿʾ (9) dqyqyh šmyh dy mqblʾ kwl nyšmtʾ myn hdyn ʿlmʾ šmʿyt qlh dyttʾ dlṭt wšdryt ʿlh mlʾkyn nkyr (10) nkyr nkyr nkyr yy nqwm nyqmt yy ngyl wngyl yy wss ṣṣṣ ṭymw ytyttʾ dlṭt wšdrw wḥbylw yth myn ʿnnyn dbrdʾ dlʾ (11) tyqwm wlʾ tylwṭ (transliteration after Segal 2000)","document_text_translation":"Inscription translation: (1) Accursed. Overturned overturned overturned overturned overturned overturned (2) overturned. Overturned be the earth and the heavens, overturned be the stars and the planets, (3) overturned be markets and streets, overturned be the hour of all human kind, overturned be (4) the curse of the mother and her daughter, of the daughter-in-law and her mother-in-law, of men and women who stand in the field (5) and in the town and in the mountain and temple and synagogue. Bound and sealed be the curse that she cursed. In the name of (6) Betiel and Yequtiel and in the name of the great YYY the angel that has eleven names SSKBʾ KBBʾ KNYBRʾ SRYʾ (7) SYRʾDYʾ MRYRYʾ ʿNNYʾ BTWQPʾ ʾNQPʾ ʾNS PSPS scorched in fire. Whoever transgresses against those names, (8) these angels - Bound and sealed are all demons and bands (of spirits), and all that is of the earth calls and all that is of the heavens hearkens. I heard the voice of the earth (9) DQYQYH is its name, receiving all souls from this world. I heard the voice of the woman who cursed and I sent against her angels, NKYR (10) NKYR NKYR NKYR, YY, take the vengeance of YY. We shall rejoice and we shall rejoice, YY, and SS ṢṢṢ ṬYMW, the woman who cursed. And they sent and injured her from clouds of hail that she may neither (11) avenge nor curse. (translation after Segal 2000)","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"19th century big number implying this is from a Mesopotamian collection; big number sequence suggests that it is from either Rawlinson or Rassam excavations.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Segal 2000a / Catalogue of the Aramaic and Mandaic Incantation Bowls in the British Museum (038A)\r\nMüller-Kessler C 2001/02 / Die Zauberschalensammlung des British Museum (p.125)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-05-03T15:22:17.063156+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2023-12-07T20:13:41.197004Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2023-11-05T22:43:09.163458Z","collection":263,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":30,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[4],"writing_material":[9],"ink":[6],"writing_instrument":[6,5],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[18],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[30],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":116,"hand_set":["Los Angeles, Getty 116: Main text scribe - 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Steinschneider, Die hebraeischen Handschriften der K. Hof-und Staatsbibliothek in Muenchen (Muenchen 1895).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-04-02T16:56:14.922717+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:35:51.744775+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:35:51.744594+01:00","collection":13,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[11,12,14],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":87,"hand_set":["Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 302: Main text scribe - Cursive","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 302: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 302: 0035"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 302","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"יום שלישי שבעה ימים לחדש מרחשון הרמה ליצירה","date_ce":"Tue/Wed, 4/5 November 1484","date_observations":"Date mentioned above is from the colophon on page 528","locality_of_writing":"Reggio di Calabria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"מדינת ריג'ו ראש מחוז קלבריא","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Hebrew translation of The Canon of Medicine , an encyclopedia of medicine compiled by Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and completed in 1025 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canon_of_Medicine).","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-05-16T09:22:40.185167+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:36:24.040543+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:47:56.440767Z","collection":13,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[14],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":79,"hand_set":["Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Cursive","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe; Massorete - Cursive","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Square","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 36: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 36: 0012","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 36: 0328","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 36: 0548","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 36: 0565"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 36","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"62","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"שנת ה רס ליצירה","date_ce":"1480","date_observations":"The manuscript is composed of different part, written by six different scribes. The date above is from the last written page, a colophon found on page 0565. The person credited (as the מעתיק) in this colophon is the famous translater Moses ibn Tibbon (born in Marseille; flourished between 1240 and 1283). This name appears on page 0207 (100v).\r\n\r\nMoses ben Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon finished his work on 11/12 September 1270, (י\"ז אלול שנת חמשת אלפים ושלשים)\r\n\r\nThe work of Moses ben David, the scribe (\"וכתבתיו\") was done in 1480 in Istanbul, Turkey.","locality_of_writing":"Constantina","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Constantina","estimated_locality":"Istanbul, Ottoman Empire","place_observations":"Kostantiniyye (Arabic: قسطنطنية, translit. Qusṭanṭinīyya,, Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطينيه, translit. Ḳosṭanṭīnīye) was the name of today's Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The city is referred to as Kostandina or  Kostantina (an alteration of Kostantiniyye) and more often as its short form Kosta (קושטה‎) or Kostán in most Judaeo-Spanish publications during the Ottoman period.\r\n\r\n(from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Istanbul#Stamboul)","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Levi ben Gershon (1288 – 20 April 1344) or Gersonides \"wrote Maaseh Hoshev in 1321 dealing with arithmetical operations including extraction of square and cube roots, various algebraic identities, certain sums including sums of consecutive integers, squares, and cubes, binomial coefficients, and simple combinatorial identities. The work is notable for its early use of proof by mathematical induction, and pioneering work in combinatorics.\"\r\n\r\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersonides\r\n\r\nthe different documents that are bound together (possible further divisions should be checked. Some of them possibly written by the same hands, like A-C-E-F-H and B-D):\r\n\r\nA: pp 8-23 \r\nB: pp 25-40\r\nC: pp 41-49 \r\nD: pp 50-424\r\nE: pp 425-487 \r\nF: pp 492-544\r\nG: pp 548-556\r\nH: pp 557-558\r\n\r\nI: A work on Aristotelian philosophy translated from \"lashon Hagri\", to Hebrew (according to a colophon found on page 0565.) (Hagri can mean different languages, most importantly Arabic or Hungarian.)","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Die Handschrift Ma'aseh ḥoshev (Die Kunst des Rechnens), einer der wertvollsten hebräischen Kodizes in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, enthält 24 Einzelwerke bzw. in Gruppen zusammengefasste Textfragmente aus der mathematischen, geometrischen und asatronomischen Wissenschaft, außerdem zahlreiche Erläuterungen, Ergänzungen und Randbemerkungen. Der breitgefächerte Inhalt, der den Stand der Wissenschaft dieser Disziplinen im Mittelalter widerspiegelt, läßt sich mit wenigen Worten nur unvollkommen beschreiben. Das Werk wurde 1321 von Levi ben Gershom (1288-1344), auch bekannt als Gersonides oder unter dem Akronym Ralbag, zusammengestellt. Den größten Teil der 265 Papierblätter nehmen die Werke Euklids ein: Fragmente seiner Optik und Katoptrik, vor allem aber die von Moses Ibn Tibbon übersetzten Elemente sowie zugehörige Teilkommentare von al-Farabi und Ibn al-Haitam. Eines der wichtigsten Stücke ist die als älteste hebräische geometrische Schrift geltende Mishnat ha-Middot (Lehre von den Maßen), die ungefähr auf das Jahr 150 zurückgeht. An großen jüdischen Gelehrten des Mittelalters sind im Band weiterhin vertreten: Abraham bar Hiyya Savasorda (gestorben um 1136), Abraham ben Meïr Ibn Esra (1089-1164), Simon Motot (15. Jahrhundert) und Mordecai ben Eliezer Comtino (1420-circa 1487). Als Schreiber des Hauptteils der Handschrift nennt sich auf Blatt 100 verso und 173 verso ein Moses ben David mit dem Zusatz 'Konstantinopel 1480'. Die Handschrift gelangte über die Sammlung von Johann Albrecht Widmannstetter in die herzogliche Hofbibliothek in München, die Vorgängerin der heutigen Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek. // Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Orient- und Asienabteilung, 2019","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-04-16T16:47:25.644669+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:36:37.852561+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:51:38.886608Z","collection":13,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2,1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[4],"language":[1],"subject_field":[12,13],"document_text_type":[9],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":75,"hand_set":["Munich, BSB Cod. hebr. 387: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. hebr. 387: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni); Cursive","Munich, BSB Cod. hebr. 387: (Other) - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 387: 0223","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 387: 0354"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. 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Cod. Hebr. 4(1: 2v","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 4(1: 6v","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 4(1: 7r"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. 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Hebr. 410: Main text scribe; Artist - Square","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: Main text scribe - Cursive","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: Main text scribe - Square","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: Main text scribe - Square","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: Main text scribe - Square","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: Main text scribe - Square","Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 410: (Other) - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 410: 132v","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 410: 149v","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 410: 200v","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 410: 251v","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 410: 79r"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 410","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"13th-14th century","date_observations":"On page 0006 a certain colophon is quoted that appears/appeared (based on a numbering unknown to me) on page 175 or 279 (corrected) saying:\r\n\r\nה אלפים שמונים וחמשה לב\"ע\r\n\r\nMeaning that a certain part of  the manuscript is written in the year 1324/1325.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-06-28T15:45:27.552574+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:38:39.756342+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:43:16.761384Z","collection":13,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[9],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":88,"hand_set":["Munich. BSB Cod. Hebr. 423: Artist - Square","Munich. BSB Cod. Hebr. 423: Main text scribe - Cursive","Munich. BSB Cod. Hebr. 423 - Square","Munich. BSB Cod. Hebr. 423 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 423: 0012","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 423: 0013","Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 423: 0014"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 423","name":"Munich Sefer Nissahon","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1460","date_observations":"Isaac (Bukhlen) b. Juda","locality_of_writing":"Germany","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-05-18T21:43:50.899734+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:39:00.029874+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:42:36.482429Z","collection":13,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[12],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":48,"hand_set":["Munich, Cod. Hebr. 5(2): Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 5(2): 256r"],"shelfmark":"Munich, BSB MS. Cod. Hebr. 5(2)","name":"Munich Rashi's Commentary on the Bible, Part 2","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"Horizontal lines only, number of ruled lines don't represent the number of written lines in the case of the colophon.","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"ארבעת אלפים ותשע מאות ותשעים ושלשה לבריאת עולם","date_ce":"1232/3","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Würzburg (origin of the scribe)","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Wirzburk (in Franconia, modern Würzburg)","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Cod. hebr. 5, originally produced as a sumptuous single volume, was divided into two around 1549 after its acquisition by Johann-Jakob Fugger (see Introduction to Fugger manuscripts). Each volume was bound by the Fugger Binder (see Binding). The lost first leaf of vol. I, as well as its last leaf were replaced, copied anew (I:1v, I:218r) by Yishai ben Yehiel and decorated by Meir. Both scribes worked for Fugger in Venice during 1549 and 1552 (see Illuminated Documents of vol. I:1v and vol. II:1r). Before the manuscript was acquired by Fugger in 1549, it was sold in Venice in 1526 by Rabbi Hiya Meir ben David to Yekutiel ben David (cf. inscription below the colophon, II:256). Rabbi Hiya Meir worked with the Venetian printer Daniel Bomberg (Amram 1909:169; Raz-Krakotzkin 2007:105), with whom Fugger had some relations (see Introduction to Fugger manuscripts). Thus it is possible that Fugger acquired this manuscript through Bomberg's printing house. It should be noted that in 1516-17 and 1524-26 Bomberg printed in Venice the first two editions of the Great Scriptures ((מקראות גדולות with Rashi's commentary, from which Yishai could have copied that for Genesis (vol. I:1v). The Style Despite the small illustrated panels, the composition is fairly spacious, even when there is a conflation of scenes, such as Abraham leaving Haran and the destruction of Sodom, Isaac blessing Esau while Jacob leaves the house, Joseph being thrown into the pit and sold to the Ishmaelites, Job with his four friends and his wife, and Nebuchadnezzar and the three Hebrews (I:9v, 21v, 34; II:183, 209). At times our artist used similar compositions where a group of people stands before an authoritative figure, either seated or standing (I:39, 44v, 63a). He also used similar postures and gestures in three other scenes where, in a group of three figures standing in a row, the first is looking ahead while the second turns to the third, all making hand gestures. The style and motifs of our manuscript show close affinities with Latin book illumination produced in Würzburg in the 13th century. This was first mentioned by H. Swarzenski (1936) and reiterated by Narkiss (1967), Engelhart (1987), Suckale (1988) and Klemm (1998, Nos. 194-195).\r\n\r\nhttps://cja.huji.ac.il/browser.php?mode=set&id=2191","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Die hebräische Bibel wurde von vielen jüdischen Gelehrten kommentiert. Einer der berühmtesten ist Rashi (Shelomoh ben Yitshak, 1040-1105) aus Troyes (Nordfrankreich). Die zweibändige Handschrift enthält in erster Linie seinen Kommentar zum Alten Testament mit Ausnahme des Buchs der Sprüche. Die Kommentare zu den großen Propheten und zu einigen Büchern der Hagiographen (in der hebräischen Bibel die Bücher Rut, Psalmen, Hiob, Sprüche, Hohelied, Prediger, Klagelieder, Daniel, Ester, Esra, Nehemia, Chroniken) stammen von anderen Autoren, vornehmlich von Yosef Kara (1065-1130), einem Schüler Rashis. Die Handschrift ist in ihrer Anlage und künstlerischen Gestaltung einmalig. Der in in drei Spalten geschriebene Text enthält nur den Kommentar und nicht, wie sonst üblich, auch den kommentierten Bibeltext. Bemerkenswert ist der Plan für eine aufwändige Illuminierung, der jedoch nur teilweise realisiert wurde. Die Handschrift ist nicht nur die älteste illuminierte hebräische Handschrift deutschen Ursprungs, vielmehr in der Besonderheit ihres Stils und ihres Illustrationsprogramms auch die einzige dieser Art. In den vollendeten 17 farbigen Miniaturen und ornamentalen Elementen lassen sich deutliche Anklänge an die spätromanische christliche Ikonographie erkennen, wie sie in lateinischen illuminierten Handschriften dieser Epoche im Würzburger Umkreis gepflegt wurde. Der Text wurde von zwei Kopisten geschrieben und 1233 vollendet. Beide Bände gelangten im 16. Jahrhundert in die Sammlung von Johann Jakob Fugger, die 1571 vom Herzog von Bayern, Albrecht V., für die Münchner Hofbibliothek, die Vorläuferin der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, erworben wurde. // Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Orient- und Asienabteilung, 2019\r\n(https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb00036330?page=12,13)\r\nAn Unknown Ashkenazic Torah Scroll from the Early 13th Century : a Palaeographical Study / Farnadi-Jerusálmi, Mark  in \"Henoch : studi storico-testuali su giudaismo e cristianesimo in età antica e medievale : 43, 1, 2021, Brescia : Editrice Morcelliana, 2021 , 2611-8076 - Casalini id: 5189735\" - P. 105-135","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2022-12-18T08:16:34.588571Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:40:07.893377+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:57:49.812580Z","collection":13,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1,2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":78,"hand_set":["Munich, BSB Cod. 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Menachem Katz, Asael Shmeltzer, Hillel Gershuni, Sarah Prais\r\n\r\nhttps://bavli.genizah.org/Content/pdfFile/Introductions_B/Introductions_Eng/Bbackground%20to%20complete%20mss%202019.pdf","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-03-29T10:24:58.767153+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:44:23.676054+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-01-19T07:53:51.473281Z","collection":13,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[5],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":93,"hand_set":["Munich, BSB Cod. Hebr. 97: Glossator - Cursive","Munich, BSB Cod. 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Owner's inscriptions: שלי שלמה ידידה בכ\"ר ישראל זצ\"ל (fol. 2v); \"questo libero el miho d[e] Salamono de Israelo Pereho\" (fol. 322v). Censor's signature: \"visto per mi fra Luigi da Bologna ... 1599\" (fol. 321v)\r\n\r\nMatteo Luigi Canonici's (1727-1805) collections passed to his brother Giuseppe, and on his death in 1807 to Giovanni Perissinotti and Girolamo Cardina, who divided them. To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1071.\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; \r\n\r\nSupplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1071.\r\n\r\nSfarData record:\r\nhttps://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0C155\r\n(Accessed on 07/03/2024)\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000708460205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 07/03/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-03-07T10:46:50.395580Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:09.175290+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-11-09T18:20:54.983695Z","collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2,4,5],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[9],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[4],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":309,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1980.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1980.\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000669230205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 08/03/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-03-08T08:36:50.342160Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:22.563782+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:22.563592+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[19],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":252,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1046.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; \r\nSupplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1046.\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000922100205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 06/02/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-02-06T09:06:14.872197Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:35.573394+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:35.573270+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[9],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":315,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 311.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 311.\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000883420205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 10/03/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-03-10T22:34:49.647990Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:49.841164+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:53:49.841038+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[3],"ruling_pattern":[3],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":316,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canon. Or. 33: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 33: 2v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 33","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"30","number_of_ruled_lines":"30","ruling_observations":"","height":"246","width":"185","height_of_written_area":"155","width_of_written_area":"108","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1358","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Italy, Treviglio?","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Partially deleted Hebrew ownership inscription? on fol. 1r together with the formula לעולם יחתום (?) אדם שמו על סיפרן... censor's signature on fol. 123v: \"ho revisto questo libro io andrea d[el] mo[n]te\"\r\n\r\nMatteo Luigi Canonici's (1727-1805) collections passed to his brother Giuseppe, and on his death in 1807 to Giovanni Perissinotti and Girolamo Cardina, who divided them. To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 317.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; \r\nSupplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 317.\r\n\r\nSfarData record:\r\nhttps://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0C063\r\n(Accessed on 11/03/2024)\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000883520205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 11/03/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-03-11T08:20:42.635469Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:54:10.570582+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:54:10.570455+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":255,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canon. Or. 36: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 36: 6v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 36","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"35","number_of_ruled_lines":"35","ruling_observations":"","height":"221","width":"163","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Purchase note/ownership inscription by Efraim Avraham Ṿiṭali: לעולם כתוב אדם שמו על ספרו שמא יבוא אדם מן השוק ניאמר שלי הוא לכן אני כותב את שמי אפרים אברהם ויטלי יצו קניתי אותו ...\r\n\r\nMatteo Luigi Canonici's (1727-1805) collections passed to his brother Giuseppe, and on his death in 1807 to Giovanni Perissinotti and Girolamo Cardina, who divided them. To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 46.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 46.\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000708450205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 06/02/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-02-06T15:11:19.837217Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:54:25.385825+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:54:25.385636+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":279,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Canonici Or. 4","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"27","number_of_ruled_lines":"27","ruling_observations":"","height":"234","width":"160","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Matteo Luigi Canonici's (1727-1805) collections passed to his brother Giuseppe, and on his death in 1807 to Giovanni Perissinotti and Girolamo Cardina, who divided them. To the former fell the MSS., then about 3550 in number, and, after many attempts to sell them, the Bodleian became the purchaser of the greater part in 1817, for £5444 5s. 1d., or including incidental expenses about £6030, the largest single purchase ever made by the Library. The formal list of volumes handed over was signed on May 18, 1817, and the books probably arrived later that year.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1491.\r\nHava Tirosh-Rothschild, Between Worlds: The Life and Thought ofRabbi David ben Judah Messer Leon (Albany, 1991), 24–33.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1491.\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000939250205171&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS\r\n(Accessed on 16/02/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-02-16T14:10:57.960558Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:54:42.489474+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T13:54:42.489337+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[15],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":50,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 42: Glossator - Square","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 42: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 42 (first version): 14v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 42 (first version): 66v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Canonici Or. 42 (first version)","name":"Moura Bible","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1470","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Moura (Portugal)","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"“manuscript that \r\ndeserves  our  attention,  a  lesser-known  Bible  copied  in  1470  by  Samuel  ben \r\nAbraham  Altires,  in  the  small  village  of  Moura  (south  of  Portugal),  for  the \r\nrenowned  Lisbon  merchant,  Isaac  ben  Gabbay  (Oxford,  Bodleian  Library,  Ms. \r\nCan.  Or.  42).  Its  copious  micrographic  decoration,  with  a  grammar  that  is \r\nessentially mudéjar, establishes a connection with the ‘Andalusian school’, where \r\nthe influence of Islamic art is more strongly felt (not only in manuscripts, but also \r\nin synagogal architecture); on the other hand, the decoration of this Bible is open \r\nto  colour,  particularly  gold,  a  frequent  feature  of  the  manuscripts  from  Lisbon \r\nproduced in the next decades.”\r\n\r\nTiago Moita, University of Lisbon, Portugal The Hebrew Bible from Moura. A Testimony of Mudéjar Art in Portugal. [online] \r\n[2016.04.10.]<http://hebrewilluminationinportugal.weebly.com/news>","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Paleography of four modern Hebrew scrolls: analysis of their script in view of earlier writings. https://digitalcollections.jtsa.edu/islandora/object/jts:507076\r\n\r\nTiago Moita, University of Lisbon, Portugal The Hebrew Bible from Moura. A Testimony of Mudéjar Art in Portugal. 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Moshe Ibn Sughmar in Fustat. Contains details about shipments of coins, oil and soap from the Maghreb to Fustat. The recipient is asked to buy goods, mainly flax, in Fustat. Mentions goods sent on ship of Nāṣir al-Dawla (active ca. 1062-1072) who ephemerally ruled over Alexandria and upper Egypt during the Shidda ʿUẓma in al-Mustanṣir's time.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. G. J. Chester, 1890-1 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386090205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386090205171&SearchTxt=a.%202.20,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-04","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_4","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-04","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 4.\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders (Princeton University Press, 1973).\r\n\r\nM. Ben-Sasson, The Jews of Sicily, 825–1068: Documents and Sources‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute, 1991).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2507/ (accessed February 4, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-04T12:42:39.380878Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-04T12:42:39.380897Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1282,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 2.21: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 2.21: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 2.21: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 2.21","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"18 (recto); 23 (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Early 13th century.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter in the hand of Berakhot b. Shemuel to his father-in-law. He complains about neglect. He mentions al-Shaykh al-Rashīd, whom he forgives for neglecting him because he is usually so generous, and Abū Manṣūr, whom he does not forgive because he cannot imagine his excuse. He concludes by asking the addressee to conciliate his daughter (the writer's wife, ṣāḥibat al-bayt), because, as a result of his pain and his illness and the meager support he receives (or \"care,\" as in the wife being remiss in household duties, which is Zinger's suggestion), his \"character became constrained\" and he became irritated (ḍāqat akhlāqī wa-ḍajirtu), and they had a fight. The addressee should do this in such a way that she doesn't sense that the writer told him. Same writer as T-S 13J21.35, which is signed Abū l-Barakāt. 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Yiṣḥaq of Aleppo, written in elegant and vocalized Hebrew.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386140205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386140205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.1,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-08","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-08","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"For more information, visit https://johannes-obadiah.org/navigator.php?Manuscript=Epistle%20of%20R.%20Barukh%20of%20Aleppo&PageNum=1.\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/19281/ (accessed January 8, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-08T10:32:54.857016Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-08T10:43:03.481696Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-01-08T10:43:03.481517Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[5],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1238,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Heb. a. 3.13: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"60+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1051","date_ce":"","date_observations":"8 September 1051 CE","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"al-Mahdiyya, Sfax","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Khallūf b. Mūsā Ibn al-Ṣāʾigh, in al-Mahdiyya or Qayrawān, to Abū l-Faraj Yeshuʿa b. Ismāʿīl al-Makhmūrī in Fustat. Dating: September 8, 1051. The writer mentions goods that he bought and shipped. It seems that there is tension between the business partners, but they are keeping the business as usual. The goods are mainly flax, spices (pepper and others), and textiles. Also mentions a Jewish sailor.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386260205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386260205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.13,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-13","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-13","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders (Princeton University Press, 1973).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5588/ (accessed January 13, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-13T10:18:23.759185Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-13T10:18:23.759201Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1206,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Possibly related to T-S 24.38, a letter from Minyat Zifta reporting on a squabble between al-Shaykh al-Sadīd and al-Shaykh al-Muhadhdhab over the duties of the muqaddam. Goitein did not transcribe the address on verso.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386280205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386280205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.15,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-14","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-14","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6325/ (accessed January 14, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-14T09:24:34.750574Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-14T09:24:34.750596Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1207,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.16: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.16: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.16: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.16","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"32","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1239","date_ce":"","date_observations":"1551 Seleucid (1239 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Partnership record","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"India Book I,41. The brothers Abū al-Faḍl and Abū al-Riḍā Yosef b. Berakhot, owners of a sugar factory, take on Yosef b. Peraḥya and Peraḥya b. Nissim (possibly Ibn Yiju, great-grandson of Avraham Yiju, the India trader) as investors, investing 400 and 200 dinars respectively. There is a reference to \"Arabic documents\" which record the dimensions and location of the factory, and the fact that the brothers inherited part of the factory and purchased the balance from their father. The investors allow the brothers to pursue other investments outside the partnership with partnership funds. Withdrawals from the partnership capital are recorded as a transfer of a share of the ownership from the brothers to the investors, and any rent on this share goes to the investors. The investors are required to return the partial ownership of the factory when the funds are repaid. The Arabic documents record the sale of the factory (and presumably the transfer of the shares) as a \"fixed\" purchase. The brothers remain active partners in the five-year partnership. Partnership profits are divided equally, despite the unequal investments. The brothers will account for their expenses by subtracting from partnership profits 2 dinars per molded block of sugar. Per Goitein, a document at shelfmark T-S NS J215 (PGPID 26372) describes the eventual sale of the factory discussed in this document. Verso has a legal query in Arabic script.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386290205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386290205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.16,AND&__cf_chl_tk=KXOFoQMqMi8vyyTZ3uR2A3","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-14","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-14","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein and M. A. Friedman, India Book 1: Joseph Lebdi prominent india trader: Cairo Genizah documents‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute, 2009).\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein and M. A. Friedman, India traders of the middle ages : documents from the Cairo Geniza : India book (Brill, 2008), vol. 1.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5335/ (accessed January 14, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-14T12:38:02.884152Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-14T12:38:02.884174Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[16],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1209,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.17: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.17: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.17: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.17","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"35+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Damascus","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Fustat","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Daniel b. ʿAzarya (Damascus) to the court physician Avraham b. Iṣḥaq b. al-Furāt (Fustat). Daniel b. ʿAzarya congratulates the addressee on his transfer to Fustat from Ramla and reports that letters from the Ramla people sent together with a letter by the addressee were lost. The writer promises to act in favour of a cantor Yefet b. David from Fustat. Daniel b. ʿAzarya expresses gratitude for a robe of honour that Avraham b. Iṣḥaq obtained for him from the vizier. He mentions his troubles in the past year and his plans to travel to Jerusalem. Daniel b. ʿAzarya also asks the addressee to intervene for him with Qadi Abi Muhammad and more generally to act on his behalf in Fustat so that the authorities there exert influence on the people in Palestine.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386300205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386300205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.17,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-15","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-15","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6326/ (accessed January 15, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-15T09:52:20.896380Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-15T09:52:20.896400Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1210,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.19: Main text scribe - Cursive","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.19: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.19: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.19: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.19","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"56+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"153","width":"54","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Yemen, Aden","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Kutch, ʿAydhāb, Sīlān","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"India Book II, 32: Letter from Maḍmūn b. Yefet, Aden, to his brother-in-law Abū Zikrī Yehuda b. Yosef ha-Kohen settling the estate of Jewish traders who had died in shipwreck. Also discusses business with Bilāl b. Jarīr, later the ruler of Aden. Maḍmūn is outfitting a ship to sail to Sīlān (Sri Lanka) carrying, among other things, three Jewish precious metal smiths, one of them a Maghribī.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386320205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386320205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.19,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-15","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-15","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein and M. A. Friedman, India Book 2: Madmun, nagid of Yemen, and the India trade: Cairo Geniza documents‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute, 2010).\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein and M. A. Friedman, India traders of the middle ages : documents from the Cairo Geniza : India book (Brill, 2008), vol. 1.\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders (Princeton University Press, 1973).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5460/ (accessed January 15, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-15T11:32:31.259251Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-15T11:32:31.259269Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1184,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.2: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.2: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.2: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.2","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"51 + marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Cairo, Damīra","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Very long letter dated ca. 1100, issued by the two judges of the capital in the name of the Nagid Mevorakh, in which a circuit judge is strongly rebuked for having given judgment in a town in the absence of the local muqaddam and for having taken other actions without consulting him and the elders.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386150205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386150205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.2,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-09","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-09","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2510/ (accessed January 9, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-09T08:32:25.747982Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-09T08:32:25.747995Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1214,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.23: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.23: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.23: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.23","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"50+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"500","width":"130","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Around 1080.","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Alexandria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Damietta, Fustat","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Yiṣḥaq b. Simha al-Naysaburi, in Alexandria, to Ulla ha-Levi b. Yosef, Fustat. Dating: around 1080. Concerns trade in saffron and other spices, and in silk, and lists prices. Mentions some details about ships. The writer mentions a third partner.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386350205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386350205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.23,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-16","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-16","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 4.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5589/ (accessed January 16, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-16T11:04:02.845150Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-16T11:04:02.845167Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1215,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.27: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.27: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.27: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.27","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"84","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Romania, Thessaloniki, Thebes, Tripoli (Lebanon)","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Copy of a letter from Menaḥem b. Eliyyahu, in an unspecified location near Salonica and Constantinople. In Hebrew, with occasional phrases in Judaeo-Arabic. Probably composed during the period of the first crusade, as it refers to the arrival of German armies. Relates messianic events that occurred in Salonica (including the healing of a blind man and various apocalyptic visions and the reduction of taxes) and asks the addressees to share any messianic rumors that they have heard. Contains several noteworthy names of people (including a reference to Evyatar ha-Kohen, gaon in Jerusalem c.1083–1105, who had sent them a letter from Tripoli, Lebanon) and geographical areas (Romania, Thebes, the land of the Khazars).","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053618660205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053618660205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.27,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-16","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-16","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Andrew Sharf, \"An Unknown Messiah of 1096 and the Emperor Alexius,\"Journal of Jewish Studies 7, no. 1 (Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, 1956), 59-70.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/34009/ (accessed January 16, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-16T15:10:05.073867Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-16T15:57:27.606841Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-01-16T15:57:27.606667Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1160,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.3: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.3: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.3: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.3","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"36","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"ca 1028","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Shelomo b. Yehuda to Efrayim b. Shemarya, approximately 1028.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386160205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386160205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20a%203.3,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-16","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-16","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Moshe Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 2.\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/503/ (accessed December 16, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-16T15:13:00.394887Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:44:36.249877Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:44:36.249698Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1216,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.32 2 - Non-square (Beinoni)","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.32: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.32: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.32: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.32","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"76","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"400","width":"120","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Probably 1064 CE.","locality_of_writing":"al-Ramla","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Marriage contract written by the Gaʾon Eliyyahu b. Shelomo ha-Kohen (served 1062–83). Location: Ramla. Dating: Probably 1064 CE. The property of the bride includes an upper story with its kitchen, toilet (בית כסא), and half a well of non-potable water.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386430205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386430205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.32,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-19","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-19","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. A. Friedman, Jewish Marriage in Palestine: A Cairo Geniza Study (Tel Aviv University, Chaim Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies, 1980), vol. 2 (The Ketubba Texts).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/504/ (accessed January 19, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-19T10:06:14.080369Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-19T10:06:14.080385Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[1],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1221,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.37: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.37: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.37: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.37","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"49","number_of_ruled_lines":"49","ruling_observations":"","height":"590","width":"295","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1028","date_ce":"","date_observations":"ca. 1028","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Tyre, Aleppo","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Legal document","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Deposition in the Jewish Court of Tyre, ca. 1028. The rent of a compound in Aleppo has been dedicated by its owner, Hilla b. Joseph, to the Great Synagogue in that city; the sons of Hilla, Mevorakh and Mufarrij, now live in Tyre. They declare before the court that the allegations of a certain man from Aleppo, who claims that the house was sold to him by their father, are vain and unfounded. The brothers insist twice upon the fact that it is the rent that was dedicated. They also insist on the fact that the man cannot prove the purchase, since he holds no deeds of purchase. The intention of the brothers to sell that house is apparent enough, though the relevant passage in this matter has unfortunately been damaged. They seem to be insisting that the dedication of the rent was on condition that it lapses if the heirs decide to sell it. Had the house itself been dedicated, the heirs would not have had a word to say about deeds of purchase nor would the case have been discussed in court at all. As we have it, the story behing the document seems to be that the late Hilla actually received money from the purchaser, but died before the deed of sale had been concluded. The heirs now strive to prevent the man from collecting the rent of the house, in order not to create a legal precedent, and keep the right to sell it at a convenient opportunity. The community of Aleppo probably claimed that the house itself had been dedicated. As to the claimant, he seems to have taken some steps to gain possession of the house, perhaps with the aid of a Muslim court. We have the therefore three parties involved in the case, with conflicting interests. The deposition of the brothers, as recorded by the court in Tyre, is preceded by a lenghty verified introduction, in a very flowery style, which forms the first half of the letter. The first part of the introduction is a eulogy, alphabetically arranged, to the learned people of Aleppo and their leader, the head of the court, R. Yaʿaqov b. Joseph. The letter is written in the hand of Shemuel b. Moshe.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386480205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386480205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.37,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-20","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-20","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, Documents of the Jewish Pious Foundations from the Cairo Geniza (Brill, 1976)\r\n\r\nM. Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/505/ (accessed January 20, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-20T10:34:53.635271Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-20T10:34:53.635285Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[3],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1223,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.38: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.38: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.38","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"18","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1067","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Wednesday, 5 Shevaṭ 1378 Seleucid (24 January 1067 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Marriage contract (ketubba)","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Written and signed by Hillel b. ʿEli. Groom: Wuḥaysh b. ʿAllūn. Bride: Rayyisa bt. ʿAmram, not a virgin. Marriage payments: 5 + 15 = 20 dinars. Witnesses include: the Spanish cantor Yaʿaqov b. Yosef; ʿAmram b. Peraḥya; Netanel b. Yefet.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386490205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386490205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.38,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-20","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-20","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Gershon Weiss, \"Documents Written by Hillel ben Eli: A Study in the Diplomatics of the Cairo Geniza Documents (MA Thesis)\" (PhD diss., n.p., 1967).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6329/ (accessed January 20, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-20T13:54:05.153854Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-20T13:54:05.153871Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1189,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.4: Main text scribe 2 - Square 2","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.4: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.4: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.4: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.4","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"40","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"1010s-1020s","locality_of_writing":"al-Ramla","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Court copy of a Karaite ketubba","document_text_transcription":"Verso\r\n … זה הדבר בקנין גמור חמור ועוד נוסף\r\n … [כ]תבתה כלל הנכסים עם חצי הדירה\r\n… וחצי      ויודה שלמה בן עמרם לפני\r\n… [כי באו] כל הנכסים האלה אל ביתו וחצי הדירה\r\n… [והם ברשותו ואצלו] ותחת ידו וכי קבל על נפשו שישמרם\r\n[ככל אשר לו ולא ישנה מהם מאומ]ה בלא דעת אשתו זאת ובלא רצונה\r\n[ועוד קבל אחריות כתובה זו עלי]ו ועל נכסיו אחריו בלתי אשר\r\n[יאבד או יבלה מהם מאומה ואם ח]ס ושלום ותצא חוסן זאת מן העולם\r\n[בלא ולד מאישה זה ישוב כל מה שהבי]אה עמה אל יורשיה מאביה ולא\r\n[יהיה על שלמה זה בעלה מן ה]מהר המאוחר מאומה ויתחברו\r\n[שניהם יחד שיהיו ב]לב טהור ותמת דרך ועל מנת שישמרו\r\n[את מועדי יי בראית הירח ובמציאת] אביב בארץ ישראל וקנינו מיד\r\n[החתן היקר שלמה בן עמרם] בכל מה שכתוב ומפרש למעלה\r\n[וכתבנו וחתמנו ונתננו לחוסן בת דו]יד להיות בידה לראיה וזכות וזכרון\r\n[עדות כדת משה וישראל ויבנו ויצ]ליחו ס : תבת אסמא אלשהו\r\n… [יח]יי בן עלי הכהן עד'\r\n… ישועה בן תאבת הלוי השלחני ננ עד\r\n… בן יצחק הלוי הידוע אלקטאיף עד\r\n…[מחב?]וב      אפרים בן משה עד\r\n… ישועה בן חאתם עד מנחם בן יצחק //עד//\r\n… יקול עלי אלמעלם אבן אסמעיל\r\n… אלמעלם אלבירותי אבני חצ'רת\r\n… נקל הדה אלכתבה מן נסכה\r\nאלאצל רצחת     וכאן מן\r\nאחדי אלשהוד //פי נסכה אלאצל// מנחם בן יצחק\r\nאלכאדם לכניסה אלוסטא בלרמלה\r\n[ואנה] אחצ'ר אלי בית דין בלרמלה\r\nו[שהד] ען צחה הדה אלשהאדה\r\nפקאל אני עאלם בצחה הדה\r\nאלכתבה ואנני חאצ'רהא ואן\r\nאלאמר עלה מא דכר פיהא פי\r\n… וכתבנו וחתמנו ונתננו לחוסן בתו\r\n[דויד להיות בידה לראיה וזכות וזכרון] עדות כדת משה וישר[א]ל ויבנו ויצ[ליחו]\r\nב י י\r\n\r\nדויד בן יצחק הכהן הסופר עד י[הודה?] …\r\nר ש\r\n\r\nבשר בן אברהם הלוי נ'נ' עד\r\nפ[רחו]ן בן מבורך הלוי עד      אפרים …\r\nמבורך בן נתן עד     יצחק בן …\r\nאבו עלי חביב בן דויד עד\r\nקובל בתאו[ת נפשו] …\r\n....","document_text_translation":"Verso\r\n… this affair, in a full, valid qinyan, and also in addition\r\n… her ketubba. The total of the belongings including half a house\r\n… and a half. And Solomon ben ᶜAmram declared before\r\n… [that] all these belongings arrived to his house, and together with the half of the house\r\n… [are under his jurisdiction, with him] and in his possession, and that he took upon himself to keep them\r\n[like everything that belongs to him, and will not change anything from them] without the knowledge of his wife, and without her consent.\r\n[He also took upon himself the responsibility for this ketubba] and upon his estate after him, except for what\r\n[is lost or worn out. And if], God forbid, this Ḥusn leaves this world\r\n[without a child from this husband of hers, all that] she brought with her will return to her heirs from her paternal family, and\r\n[this Solomon, her husband, will not owe] anything from the delayed mohar. And they united themselves in agreement\r\n[both together, that they will behave] in purity and honesty, and that they will observe\r\n[the festivals of the Lord according to the sighting of the Moon, and finding] the aviv in the Land of Israel. And we performed the qinyan with\r\n[the dear groom, Solomon ben ᶜAmram], about what is written and explained above\r\n[and we wrote, signed and gave to Ḥusn daughter of] David, to be in her possession as a proof, and right and testimony,\r\n[according to the custom of Moses and Israel, may they build] and prosper. There follow the names of the witnesses\r\n… Yeḥai ben ᶜEli ha-Kohen, witness;\r\n   … Yeshuᶜa ben Thābit ha-Levi ha-Shulḥanī, may he rest in peace, witness;\r\n… ben Isaac ha-Levi known as al-Qaṭā'if, witness;\r\n… Mahbūb [?], witness;    Efraim ben Moses, witness;\r\n… Yeshuᶜa ben Khātim, witness;    Menaḥem ben Isaac, witness;\r\n… ᶜEli, the scholar, ben 'Ismaᶜil said\r\n… the scholar, al-Bairūtī [said]: I was present\r\n… [when] this ketubba was copied from the original document\r\n[and I saw] that it was exact. And\r\none of the witnesses in the original document was Menaḥem ben Isaac\r\nthe beadle of the Middle Synagogue in Ramle.\r\nAnd he was summoned to the court in Ramle\r\nand certified about the correctness of this testimony\r\n29. saying: I recognise the correctness of this\r\nketubba. I was present, and\r\nthe matter [in the copy] is as it was said in it [the original version].\r\n… and we wrote, signed and gave to Ḥusn daughter\r\n[of David to be in her possession as proof, right and testimony] according to the custom of Moses and Israel, may they build and prosper.\r\nDavid ben Isaac (bar Yeshai) ha-Kohen, the scribe, witness; Jehuda [?] …\r\nBishr ben Abraham ha-Levi, may he rest in peace, witness;\r\nParḥōn ben Mevorakh ha-Levi, witness;   Efraim …\r\nMevorakh ben Nathan, witness;     Isaac ben …\r\nAbū ᶜAli Ḥabīb ben David, witness;\r\nwillingly accepted …","document_text_observations":"Court copy of a Karaite ketubba (marriage contract), Ramla. Ca. 1030 (per Friedman) or 1010s-1020s (per Olszowy-Schlanger). Bride: Ḥusn bt. David. Groom: Shelomo b. ʿAmram. The dowry list doesn't survive except mention of half of a house.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386170205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386170205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.4,AND&__cf_chl_tk=D3C3NZF0xM8cWCxD_G.650B","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-12","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-12","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"J. Olszowy-Schlanger, Karaite Marriage Contracts from the Cairo Geniza (Brill, 1997); 41.\r\n\r\nM. Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 2, 306.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/507/ (accessed January 12, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-12T08:59:58.150154Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-12T09:08:37.464439Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1234,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.40: Main text scribe; Artist - Square","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.40: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.40: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.40: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.40","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"24","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1128","date_ce":"","date_observations":"27 Sivan 1439 Seleucid (1128 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Marriage contract (ketubba)","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Recto: Marriage contract (ketubba), complete. Dated: Monday, 27 Sivan 1439 Seleucid, which is 27 May 1128 CE, under the reshut of Maṣliaḥ Gaon. Written and signed by Ḥalfon b. Menashshe. Groom: Shelomo b. ʿOvadya ha-Kohen. Bride: ʿAmāʾim bt. Berakhot/Barakāt, virgin. Marriage payments: 5 + 25 dinars. Total (with the dowry): 76 dinars + 25 silver zuzim (dirhams?). Other witnesses: ʿEli b. Yeḥezqel ha-Kohen; Moshe ha-Melammed b. Yehuda; Yeḥezqel b. Natan; Yosef b. Ḥalfon ha-Kohen; Ḥalfon b. Ghālib; and Natan b. Shemuel.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386510205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386510205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.40,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-22","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-22","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"O. Zinger, \"Women, Gender and Law: Marital Disputes According to Documents of the Cairo Geniza\" (PhD diss., n.p., 2014)\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6331/ (accessed January 22, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-22T09:27:51.751125Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-22T09:27:51.751140Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[5],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1236,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.42: Main text scribe; Artist - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.42: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.42","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"42","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"375","width":"520","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1117","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Elul 1428 Seleucid (1 August 1117–29 August 1117 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Marriage contract (ketubba)","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Bride: Rayyisa bt. Saʿadya, the Karaite. Groom: Yaḥya b. Avraham, the Rabbanite. Dated: 1117 CE. Written in Fustat in the Karaite style. Early: 25 dinars. Late: 50 dinars. Dowry: claimed worth 719 dinars. Conditions include allowing Rayyisa to celebrate holidays/observances according to the Karaite tradition; if he breaks the condiitinos, he will have to pay \"100 dinars to the poor of the Karaites and the Rabbinites in equal shares. Rayyisa likewise promises to allow her husband to observe as he wants and \"not to take from him the rent of the house in which they presently dwell.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386530205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386530205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.42,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-22","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-22","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. A. Friedman, Jewish Polygyny‎ (in Hebrew) (Bialik, 1986), pp. 67-69.\r\n\r\nJ. Olszowy-Schlanger, Karaite Marriage Contracts from the Cairo Geniza (Brill, 1997).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/506/ (accessed January 22, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-22T13:36:36.842499Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-22T13:48:22.303433Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-01-22T13:48:22.303288Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1194,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.5: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.5: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.5: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.5","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"37","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1151","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Wednesday, 21 Ṭevet 1462 Seleucid (11 January 1151 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Minyat Ashna (near Fustat)","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Malīj","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Legal document. Partnership agreement.","document_text_transcription":"Recto\r\nמעשה זה שהיה לפנינו אנו העדים החתומים למטה כן  \r\nהוה חצר אלינא מר כתיר בר אברהם נע ומעה כתאב  \r\nסידנא שמואל הנגיד הגדול נגיד עם ייי צבאות שר  \r\nהשרים נגיד הנגידים ימין המלוכה נזר הנשיאות תכון  \r\nמשרתו לעד כירח נכון והו יקתצי חצור ארמלה בניאם  \r\nבן אברהים מסתגיתה אלי ענד הדרת הנגידות פי חאל  \r\nיתומי בניאם אלמדכור ואן מא להם מא יקים באודהם  \r\nאלא דכאכין ורתהא להם אבוהם בעיר מליג הסמוכה  \r\nלפסטאט מצרים לם יתחצל מן אגרתהא מא יקים\r\nבאודהם פקררא להם בתי דינים דינר ואחד פי כל שהר\r\nברסם מונתהם וכסותהם ואטלקא להם מן אלמודע\r\nאלדי כלפה ואלדהם והו תחת יד שני השרים מר ור  מר ור\r\nשמריה הכהן כליל היופי ושריכה שמואל בר\r\nכגק מר ור יהודה הידוע בן אסד נע מא יסאוי עשרין \r\nדינארא תכון ביד כתיר עמהם יתגר בהא ויציף רבחהא\r\nאלי מא יתחצל מן כרי אלדכאכין ויסלם להם דינאר ואחד  וחצר \r\nפי כל שהר תסלם בין ידינא עשרה ארטאל חריר\r\nתסאוי אלעשרין דינארא מן שני השרים אלמקדם דכרהם\r\nמר ור שמריה ומר ור שמואל וקאל לנא מר ור כתיר בר\r\nאברהם הוו עלאי שהדי וקנו מני מעכשיו וכתבו וחתמו\r\nעלאי בגמיע אלאלפאט אלמחכמה וגמיע אלמעאני\r\nאלמאכדה ובכל לישאני דזכואתא אנני קד קבצת ותסלמת\r\nהדה אלעשרין דינארא וצארת אלי פי גהתי ודמתי\r\nוקבלת עלי רוחי גמיע כטרהא ואני אוצל לאולאד\r\nאכי בניאם נע אליתומים דינאר פי כל שהר בלא  \r\nמדאפעה ולא ממאנעה ולא אחתגאג בחגה ולא דון\r\nאעתלאל בעלה אלקיאם בהדא אלמבלג וקנינא מן\r\nמר כתיר בר אברהם נע קנין גמור חמור בכלי הכשר\r\nעל כל מא דכתיב ומפרש לעילא ומא דהוא קדמנא\r\nכתבנא וחתמנא וכאן דלך בארבעה דשבא דהוא\r\nקדמנא כתבנא וחתמנא עשרין וחד יומי בירח\r\nטבת דהיא שנת אתסב בעיר מניה אשנה דסמיכא  \r\nלפסטאט מצרים דעל נילוס נהרא מותבה רשותיה  \r\nדאדונינו שמואל הנגיד הגדול נגיד עם ייי צבאות  \r\nתכון משרתו לעד כירח נכון שריר ובריר וקיים  \r\nשלמה בר זרעה נע פרחיה הכהן בר אהרן נע  \r\nיכין הכהן בר סעדיה נע","document_text_translation":"Recto\r\nProceedings (of what) took place before us—we, the undersigned witnesses—thus:\r\nMr. Kathīr b. Abraham (who) r(ests in) E(den) came before us, and he had with him a  document from  \r\nour lord Samuel the Nagid, the great Nagid of the people of the Lord of Hosts, prince\r\nof princes,  Nagid of the Nagids, right (hand) of royalty, crown of the Nesi’ut, may his\r\nservice be eternal, established forever like the moon. It (the document) demanded the  appearance of the widow of Binyām\r\nb. Ibrahīm (who had come) summoning him to the Glory of the Negidut in the matter\r\nof the orphans of the aforementioned Binyām. Indeed, they only have what he provided  for their needs,\r\nnamely, the shops which their father bequeathed them in the town of Malīj, near\r\nFusṭāṭ Egypt. That which he assessed for their subsistence has not been collected from  their rent.  \r\nThus the two judges fixed for them a single dinar each month  \r\nfor their provisions and clothing . They (the judges) released them from the  declaration\r\nwhich their father swore, which was under the care of the two courtiers (our) tea(cher)  and m(aster)\r\nShemariah ha-Kohen, the fullness of beauty, and his partner (our) tea(cher) and m(aster) Samuel b.\r\n14. (his) h(onor), g(reatness, and) h(oliness, our) tea(cher) and m(aster) Judah, known as  (I)bn Asad, (who) r(ests in) E(den), (an amount) worth twenty  \r\ndinars which will be in the hand of Kathīr, their paternal uncle, who will trade with it  and will add its profit  \r\nto that which will be collected from the rent of the shops, and he will give them a single dinar \r\neach month. He came and took ten raṭls of silk in our presence\r\nequivalent to the twenty dinars, from the two aforementioned courtiers,\r\n(our) tea(cher) and m(aster) Shemariah ha-Levi and (our) tea(cher) and m(aster)  Samuel. (Our) tea(cher) and m(aster) Kathīr b.  \r\nAbraham said, “Be witnesses for me, performing a qinyan from me, effective  immediately; write and sign\r\nfor me with all the appropriate legal formulae and expressions of certainty\r\nand with all the language of claims, that I have received and taken\r\nthese twenty dinars, and it has come into my possession and custody.\r\nI have taken upon myself (responsibility for) any danger to it; and I will send to the sons\r\nof my brother Binyām, (who) r(ests in) E(den), the orphans, a dinar each month,  without  \r\nrefusal or resistance, nor demanding proof, nor  \r\ndefect by means of a defect reducing the payment of this amount.” We performed a  qinyan with  \r\nMr. Kathīr b. Abraham (who) r(ests in) E(den), a complete and weighty qinyan, with an  implement suitable for doing so  \r\nconcerning all that written and detailed above. That which was before us,\r\nwe wrote and signed; and that took place on Wednesday  \r\nthe twenty-first day of the month of  \r\nṬevet which was in the year 146261, in the town of Minyat Ashna,62 which is near  \r\nFusṭāṭ Egypt, which is situated on the Nile River, the jurisdiction  \r\nof our lord Samuel the great Nagid, Nagid of the people of the Lord of Hosts,\r\nmay his service be eternal, established forever like the moon. Proper and clear and  enduring.  \r\nSolomon b. Zer‘a (who) r(ests in) E(den) Peraḥya ha-Kohen b. Aaron (who) r(ests in)  E(den)  \r\nJachin ha-Kohen b. Saadiah (who) r(ests in) E(den)","document_text_observations":"Following appeals by his deceased brother Binyam's widow to the court, Kathīr b. Avraham takes over the maintenance (1 dinar a month, an aboslute requirement) of his sister-in-law's orphaned children as a sort of partnership. The sources of this funding are a) rent revenue from shops in Malij left to the children by Binyam and b), the profit earned by Kathīr from 20 dinars’ worth of silk from estate of Binyam. Unusually, the \"partnership\" profits are not split according to a fixed percentage, but rather the children, as the \"silent partner\", receive a fixed amount each month. This is effectively a long-term loan or trust created under the structure of a partnership agreement.\r\n\r\nPer Goitein, Shemuel b. Yehuda ibn Asad, previous caretaker of the orphans, was apparently a regular caretaker and trustee for orphans.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386180205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386180205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.5,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-12","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-12","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"P. Ackerman-Lieberman, \"A Partnership Culture\" (PhD diss., n.p., 2007);\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2511/ (accessed January 12, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-12T14:28:06.547310Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-12T14:28:06.547324Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1199,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.6: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.6: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.6","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"34","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1169","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Iyyar 1480 Seleucid (29 April 1169–27 May 1169 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Legal document","document_text_transcription":". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] אלמסטור אלמדכור אל אלשיך\r\n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .] אבו אלחסין אלמדכור אנה קד מלך\r\nלא]יתאם אלשיך אבו אלחסין אלמדכור תמן גמיע מא יסתכרגה מן אלאמלאך אלמדכורה\r\nבאלתוקיע אלמדכור עלי שרט אן יכון תמן גמיע מא יגרמה אלשיך אבו אלמעאלי אלמדכור\r\nעלי אסתרגאע אלאמלאך אלמדכורה לאזמא להם דונה ואלתמס מן לחן בחגה אליתומים\r\nאל]מדכורין מן אלשיך אבו אלמעאלי אלמדכור אן יעטי אליתומים אלמדכורין נאיבהם\r\nמא אסתרגעה מן אלאמלאך אלמדכורה פסאלנא אנו בית דין אלשיך אבו אלמעאלי\r\nאלמדכור ען דלך פדכר אנה גרם עלי אסתרגאע אלאמלאך אלמדכורה מאיתין\r\nועשרין דינארא ואנה אבאע אלאמלאך אלדי אסתרגעהא בתלאתה מאיה דינארא\r\nבעד אלתחרז פי ביעהם ואן אלפאצל מן תמן אלאמלאך אלמדכורה בעד אכראג\r\nמא גרם עלי אסתרגאעהא תמאנון דינארא יכון נאיב אליתומים אלמדכורין מן דלך\r\nעשרה דנאניר פאסתכרגנא אנו בית דין אלעשרה דנאניר אלתי אעתרף בהא\r\nאלשיך אבו אלמעאלי אלמדכור לליתומים אלמדכורין ואוגבנא עליה אלימין אלואגבה\r\nעליה פי דלך עלי צחה מא דכר ותסלם אלשיך אבו מנצור אלכהן אלצירפי ולד\r\nאלשיך אבו אלברכאת אלכהן אלכאתב אלסדיד נע שהיתומים הנזכרים סמוכים\r\nאצלו אלעשרה דנאניר אלמדכורה באמר הדרת גאונינו נתנאל הלוי ראש הישיבה\r\nשלגולה יזכר בטוב ובעד דלך חצר אלשיך אבו מנצור אלכהן אלמדכור ואלשיך\r\nאבו נצר רצי אלדולה כגק מר ור נתנאל השר הנכבד החכם והנבון שצ עם אליתומים\r\nאלמדכורין ואלתמסא מנא אנו בית דין אסתחלאף אלשיך אבו אלמעאלי אלמדכור\r\nאלימין אלתי וגבת עליה לליתומים אלמדכורין פי דלך פחצר אלשיך אבו אלמעאלי\r\nאלמדכור אלי בית דין בכניסה אלשאמיין אלמעמורה בבקא ישראל ליחלף לליתומים\r\nאלמדכורין אלימין אלואגבה עליה פי דלך וענד חצורה ללימין אלמדכורה אלתמס\r\nמן אלשיך אבו נצר ואלשיך אבו מנצור אלמדכורין אחצאר [[אל]] דפאתר דכר אלשיך\r\nאבו אלמעאלי אלמדכור[[אן]] //אנהא לה ענד// אלשיך אבו נצר ואלשיך אבו מנצור אלמדכורין ואנהמא\r\nמנהמא איצא אן יחצרא לה אלמסטור אלמקדם דכרה פמצי אלשיך אבו נצר\r\nואלשיך אבו מנצור אלמדכוראן מן אלמושב אלמדכור עלי אן יחצרא ללשיך אבו אלמעאלי\r\nאלמדכור אלדפאתר ואלמסטור אלמקדם דכרהם ויסתחלפאה לליתומים אלמדכורין\r\nומא עלמנאה מן דלך אתבתנאה בחדש אייר שנת אלפא וארבע מאה ותמנין\r\nשנין לשטרות בפסטאט מצרים דעל נילוס נהרא מותבה רשותיה דאדונינו\r\nסעדיה יהי שמו לעולם אלמכטוט עליה אנהא לה ענד מלחק בין אלסטור צחיח תאבת\r\nוהכל שריר ובריר וקיים וכשר ומוחזק\r\nוחתמנא תרי מיגו תלתא שמואל בר סעדיה הלוי נע נתנאל בר משה נע\r\nמשה הכהן ביר ישועה הכהן זל שמואל בר עובדיה נע","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"In the hand of Shemeul b. Seʿadya ha-Levi. Location: Fustat. Dated: Iyyar 1480 Seleucid, which is April/May 1169 CE, under the authority of an unidentified Seʿadya, during the lifetime of the Gaʾon Netanʾel b. Moshe ha-Levi (see line 16; he may have even signed this document, but this needs to be checked against his handwriting elsewhere). Statement about an oath to be given by the executor of a will, Abū l-Maʿālī (aka Shemuel b. Asad). He had had to spend 220 dinars in order to get back a property belonging to the orphans under his responsibility from the hands of some state officials. He was then able to sell the property for 300 dinars. The uncle of the orphans bore the title Raḍiyy al-Dawla (\"Pleasing the Government\"), and the father of their guardian was a kātib, or government official. Signed by Shemuel b. Seʿadya ha-Levi; Netanʾel b. Moshe; Moshe b. Yeshuʿa ha-Kohen; and Shemuel b. ʿOvadya.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386190205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386190205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.6,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-12","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-12","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2512/ (accessed January 12, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-12T15:49:20.259437Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-12T15:49:20.259451Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1203,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.7: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.7: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.7","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"51","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1125","date_ce":"","date_observations":"10th Marḥeshvan 1437 Seleucid (9 October 1125 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Report of a dispute","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Legal document.This document describes release from a partnership in glasswork, explaining that Shemarya ha-Kohen (also known as Abū al-Wafā b. Menashshe ha-Kohen) demanded 9 and 1/6 dinars of his erstwhile partners Yiṣḥaq b. Yehuda and Yiṣḥaq's son Abū al-Karam. Yiṣḥaq gave Shemarya a settlement, andShemariah released him and his son from the partnership. The settlement of the partnership is effected through arbitration (“bederekh peshara”) by a number of “Elders of equity and propriety”. Per Goitein, Jewish courts of the Geniza period generally first sought settlements outside the court. Court decisions themselves not only required the attention of a higher court, such decisions also required an oath (a troublesome process for the court and the community). But a settlement through arbitration did not even require a qinyan. The judges in this case, Avraham b. Shemaʿya and Yiṣḥaq b. Shemuel ha-Sefaradi, are the two “permanent judges” of Fusṭāṭ of the period.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386200205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386200205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.7,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-13","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-13","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"P. Ackerman-Lieberman, \"A Partnership Culture\" (PhD diss., n.p., 2007).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6324/ (accessed January 13, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-13T13:09:57.804787Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-13T13:58:39.537831Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-01-13T13:58:39.537687Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1204,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.8: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.8: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.8: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.8","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"59","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1134","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Monday, 15 Kislev 1446 Seleucid (3 December 1134 CE)","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Fusṭāṭ","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Legal document","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Court record. In the hand of Ḥalfon b. Menashshe. Location: Fustat. Dated: 1134. Abū Sa‘d and Abū Sahl form a partnership lasting 6.5 months to manufacture and sell glass. Half the capital (20 dinars in total) invested by Abū Sa‘d is considered a loan to Abū Sahl, who pledges title to his home as a security. This may suggest diversion from the commenda model, where the active partner is not liable for loss. But the partnership also diverges from the ‘eseq model, wherein only the active partner transacts. Both the profit/loss characteristics and the working arrangement between the partners suggests a craft partnership.\r\n\r\nAbū Sa‘d is likely the senior partner: he is identified as al-Zajjāj, “the glazier” (i.e., a known personage in the field), while Abū Sahl is given no professional designation; as well, Abū Sa‘d invests all of the capital, suggesting that he may be short of liquid assets). Finally, the partnership stipulates that Abū Sa‘d need only work two shifts a week (suggesting he may have other business elsewhere), while Abū Sahl will work the rest of the week.\r\n\r\nMaṣliaḥ ha-Kohen, mentioned in line 54, functioned as leader of the Jewish community of Fusṭāṭ from 1127 to 1139.\r\n\r\nThe signatories to the document, Natan b. Shelomo ha-Kohen and Natan b. Avraham ha-Levi, signed 5 months after the agreement was initiated, for unknown reasons.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Genizah, 1896.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053386210205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386210205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.8,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-13","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-13","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"P. Ackerman-Lieberman, \"A Partnership Culture\" (PhD diss., n.p., 2007).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2513/ (accessed January 13, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-13T14:06:27.483498Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-13T14:06:27.483514Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1154,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 11/24: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 11.25: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 11.25: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 11.25","name":"","related_items_observations":"Historical shelfmarks: Bodl. MS Heb. b 11 (Cat. 2874), fol. 25; Bodl. MS Heb. b 11, f. 25. Note that in the Bodleian online catalogue it is recorded under the shelfmark MS. Heb. b. 11/24, fol. 25, whereas in the other catalogues it appears under the designation MS. Heb. b. 11/25.","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"38","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"After autumn 1131 CE","locality_of_writing":"Yemen, Aden","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Egypt, ʿAydhāb","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"This is a letter of gratitude for Ḥalfon's halakhic responsum on matrimonial matters concerning one Abū l-Ṭāhir, who needed to return to Aden from India. Ḥalfon had been asked to write his expert opinion with regard to a man who died without male offspring, in which case his widow was obliged to marry one of his brothers, normally the eldest (levirate marriage). It is reasonable to assume that R. Yaʿaqov, mentioned in l. 22 as someone who admired Ḥalfon's responsum, is Yaʿaqov b. Salīm, who wrote ח5 (CUL Or.1080 J225), who was close both to Ḥalfon and to Khalaf. The greetings at the end confirm the closeness of Khalaf to Maṣliaḥ Gaʾon and to the family members of Ḥalfon (and they shed light on some questions, such as how many brothers Ḥalfon had). (Information from Goitein, Friedman and Ashur, India Book IVB).","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053390800205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053390800205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20b%2011.25,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-15","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_9","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-15","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein, Mordechai Akiva Friedman and Amir Ashur, India Book 4: Ḥalfon the Traveling Merchant Scholar‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben Zvi Institute, 2013), vol. 4 B.\r\nח11\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/9052/ (accessed December 15, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-15T15:54:40.894180Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:46:41.629051Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:46:41.628881Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":767,"hand_set":["MS. Heb. b. 12.25"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 12.25: recto"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 12.25","name":"Letter by Nehemiah Gaon","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"Baghdad","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from the chancery of Nehemiah Gaon","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Sent from Baghdad to Egypt/North Africa by the chancery of Nehemiah Gaon.\r\nDiscovered in the Cairo Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/fragments/full/MS_HEB_b_12_25a.jpg","repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-01-06T15:10:55.851842Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:21:08.629615+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-05-06T11:20:48.289264+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1307,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 3.16: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 3.16: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 3.16: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 3.16","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"17+marginalia (recto); 26+marginalia (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"280","width":"180","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1060-1061","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"The letter reflects the economic difficulties of the Jewish community of Alexandria due to the heavy expenses of freeing captives. These financial obligations were so straining that the community was unable to properly host 'The Prince (Heb. Nasi) Daniel b. Azarya.' The letter was written in 1060-1061. Daniel b. Azarya resided in Fustat and, apparently, planned to visit Alexandria at the time.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Given by the Egypt Expl. Fund, 1890 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053387330205171&SearchTxt=b.%203.16,AND","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053387330205171&SearchTxt=b.%203.16,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-11","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_15#MS_Heb_b_3-part15-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-11","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 4.\r\n\r\nM. Frenkel, The Compassionate and Benevolent: The Leading Elite in the Jewish Community of Alexandria in the Middle Ages‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute for the Study of Jewish Communities in the East, 2006).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2518/ (accessed February 11, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-11T13:00:26.598397Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-11T13:02:00.821876Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-02-11T13:02:00.821645Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":121,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 4.41: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 4.41: verso"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. b. 4.41","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"18","number_of_ruled_lines":"18","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"1200 c.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Nothern Africa","place_observations":"This handwriting bears similarities to that classified as ancient Oriental N-E by Engel and Beit-Ariè. Sephardic handwriting also traces its origins back to this North African script.\r\nProbable place of origin: Northern Africa, indicated by certain features such as the left-hand stroke of the letter 'aleph,' which descends not from the middle of the main oblique stroke but from the beginning. Moreover, the main oblique stroke is straight (in Oriental is usually curved).\r\nAdditionally, the descender of the letter 'lamed' generally does not reach the baseline.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"with Masorah parva and marginal annotations.","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"כִּ֥י מִתְאַבֵּ֖ל עַל־מַ֥עַל הַגּוֹלָֽה׃ וַיַּעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֜וֹל בִּיהוּדָ֣ה וִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֗ם לְכֹל֙ בְּנֵ֣י הַגּוֹלָ֔ה לְהִקָּבֵ֖ץ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָב֜וֹא לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת הַיָּמִ֗ים כַּעֲצַ֤ת הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְהַזְּקֵנִ֔ים יָחֳרַ֖ם כָּל־רְכוּשׁ֑וֹ וְה֥וּא יִבָּדֵ֖ל מִקְּהַ֥ל הַגּוֹלָֽה׃ וַיִּקָּבְצ֣וּ כָל־אַנְשֵֽׁי־יְהוּדָה֩ וּבִנְיָמִ֨ן ׀ יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת הַיָּמִ֗ים ה֛וּא חֹ֥דֶשׁ הַתְּשִׁיעִ֖י בְּעֶשְׂרִ֣ים בַּחֹ֑דֶשׁ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ כָל־הָעָ֗ם בִּרְחוֹב֙ בֵּ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים מַרְעִידִ֥ים עַל־הַדָּבָ֖ר וּמֵהַגְּשָׁמִֽים׃ וַיָּ֨קָם עֶזְרָ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֣ם מְעַלְתֶּ֔ם וַתֹּשִׁ֖יבוּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת לְהוֹסִ֖יף עַל־אַשְׁמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ וְעַתָּ֗ה תְּנ֥וּ תוֹדָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ רְצוֹנ֑וֹ וְהִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ מֵעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמִן־הַנָּשִׁ֖ים הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ וַיַּֽעְנ֧וּ כָֽל־הַקָּהָ֛ל וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ ק֣וֹל גָּד֑וֹל כֵּ֛ן כדבריך [כִּדְבָרְךָ֥] עָלֵ֖ינוּ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ אֲבָ֞ל הָעָ֥ם רָב֙ וְהָעֵ֣ת גְּשָׁמִ֔ים וְאֵ֥ין כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲמ֣וֹד בַּח֑וּץ וְהַמְּלָאכָ֗ה לֹֽא־לְי֤וֹם אֶחָד֙ וְלֹ֣א לִשְׁנַ֔יִם כִּֽי־הִרְבִּ֥ינוּ לִפְשֹׁ֖עַ בַּדָּבָ֥ר","document_text_translation":"Ezra 10:6-13","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Provenance and Acquisition: bought through the Rev. G. J. Chester, 1891 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-08-11T16:41:48.225758+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2023-12-01T13:46:04.929891Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":13,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1158,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28/12: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.12: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.12: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.12","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"30","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"1141–45","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Alexandria","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"India Book (IB) IV,65 (ח85). Letter of condolence from Saʿdān b. Thābit ha-Levi to Ḥalfon ha-Levi b. Netanʾel on the death of his niece.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053398890205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053398890205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20c%2028.12,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-16","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_36#MS_Heb_c_28-part12-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-16","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein, Mordechai Akiva Friedman and Amir Ashur, India Book 4: Ḥalfon the Traveling Merchant Scholar‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben Zvi Institute, 2013), vol. 4 B.\r\nח85\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/9184/ (accessed December 16, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-16T08:56:59.384156Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:43:17.455668Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:43:17.455494Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1159,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28/31: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.31: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.31: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.31","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"20+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Dating: probably January 1140 CE (though Goitein originally believed it to be 1129 CE, he later revised his dating and Friedman agrees). (Information from Goitein and Friedman, India Book IV).","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Alexandria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Al-Andalus, Cairo, Fustat","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"India Book IV, 17 (ח66). Letter from Ḥalfon b. Netanʾel ha-Levi, in Alexandria, to Yiṣḥaq Ibn ʿEzra, in Spain. In Judaeo-Arabic. The letter deals with the death of Ḥalfon's brother and other notables and the series of disasters that struck Ḥalfon and the community. Dating: probably January 1140 CE (though Goitein originally believed it to be 1129 CE, he later revised his dating and Friedman agrees). (Information from Goitein and Friedman, India Book IV.)\r\n\r\nGoitein summarizes the letters as follows: \"A perfect picture of the influence of emotions on physical and mental health is found in the long letter written by the noble India trader Ḥalfon b. Netanel nine months after his return to Egypt from a long sojourn in Spain. As expected from a man like him, he dedicates the first twenty lines to the praise of his gracious and learned hosts, whom he so greatly missed. Then he goes on to bemoan one after another the disasters that disturbed his mind: civil war, anarchy, the high cost of living in Egypt, the death of the Head of the Jerusalem Academy (which then had its seat in Cairo) and of several luminaries of the Jewish spiritual and social upper crust; hardly had the months of mourning for those passed when Halfon's misfortune was topped by the demise of his eldest brother, who was the president of the Jewish High Court of Justice. He found himself unable to act, even to supervise the unloading of his goods, and let the perishables rot. During his long stay in Alexandria his body and soul never enjoyed full health, but he was also unable to bring himself to go up to Cairo: how could he visit the place vacated by his brother? Family and friends came down to Alexandria to induce him to return home, but he did not find in himself nahḍa, energy, to do so. For this reason, he was also not in a position to send to his friends in Spain (mostly physicians) the pharmaceutical plants promised, for these were to be had only in the capital (the terminal of the India trade), not in the Mediterranean port. Nor for the time being was he in a frame of mind to continue writing the learned discussions that were started during his sojourn in Spain. He concludes with a refined twist; he really did not want to send this letter but he was overcome by yearning for his Spanish friends, and asks them, considering his state of mind, to overlook his shortcomings in style and script (in that order).\" (Goitein, Med Soc V, pp. 243–44.)","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053399080205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053399080205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20c%2028.31,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-16","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_36#MS_Heb_c_28-part12-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-16","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein, Mordechai Akiva Friedman and Amir Ashur, India Book 4: Ḥalfon the Traveling Merchant Scholar‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben Zvi Institute, 2013), vol. 4 B.\r\nח66\r\nMiriam Frenkel, The Compassionate and Benevolent: The Leading Elite in the Jewish Community of Alexandria in the Middle Ages‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute for the Study of Jewish Communities in the East, 2006), Doc. #2, pp. 240-247\r\n\r\nMoshe Gil and Ezra Fleischer, Yehuda Ha-Levi and His Circle‎ (in Hebrew) (ha-Igud ha-ʻolami le-madaʻe ha-Yahadut, 2001), p. 21\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/9271/ (accessed December 16, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-16T11:30:58.292526Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:43:49.703007Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:43:49.702815Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1149,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053399100205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053399100205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20c%2028.33","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-04","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_36#MS_Heb_c_28-part32-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-04","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/4419/ (accessed December 4, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-04T09:19:55.894934Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-18T14:42:10.268813Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-18T14:42:10.268570Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1170,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.37: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.37: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.37: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.37","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"22+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"ca 1097","date_ce":"","date_observations":"From the year 1097.","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Alexandria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Fustat","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"India Book I, 17. Letter from Yehuda Ibn Sighmar, at Alexandria, to Nahray b. Nissim, at Fustat, from the year 1097. The letter contains three parts: First, blessings over Nahray's recovery from illness. Second, a survey of the dealings between Yehuda and Nahray, the details of which remain unclear. Third, the lawsuit of Moshe b. Labrat, the nephew of Yehuda, against Yosef Lebdi. Yehuda, the writer of the letter, was the intended recipient of the gift that Moshe b. Labrat sent with Lebdi from the west. It is clear that this letter was written before the first court session was held.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053399130205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053399130205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20c%2028.37,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-22","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_36","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-22","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein and Mordechai Akiva Friedman, India Book 1: Joseph Lebdi prominent india trader: Cairo Genizah documents‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute, 2009).\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein and Mordechai Akiva Friedman, India traders of the middle ages : documents from the Cairo Geniza : India book (Brill, 2008), vol. 1.\r\n\r\nM. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 4.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5337/ (accessed December 22, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-22T05:55:16.913586Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-22T05:55:16.913603Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[3],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1305,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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The addressee is the tax farmer of the local market and the judge of the Jews and is also addressed as the head of the congregation (rosh ha-qahal). The letter is mainly in Judaeo-Arabic, preceded by a Hebrew poem consisting of three verses, and with the address in Arabic script. The sender asks whether the addressee and the community still cling to their resolution or have changed their mind – which was nothing to be ashamed of. Includes many greetings, for: Avraham ha-Talmid; Yosef and his two sons; Abū l-ʿIzz al-Kohen and his brother Abū l-Karam; Yosef and his brother al-Shaykh al-Mukhliṣ; Abū ʿImrān and his son and his brother-in-law; Abū l-Majd; Yaʿqūb and his two brothers including Abū l-Majd.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. 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Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/4436/ (accessed February 10, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-10T13:43:54.482808Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-10T13:43:54.482823Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1163,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28/66: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.66: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. c. 28.66","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"17","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from al-Fayyumi b. Saadia, probably addressed to Moses Maimonides.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053399400205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053399400205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20c%2028.66,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-17","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_36","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-17","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Jacob Mann, The Jews in Egypt and in Palestine under the Fâtịmid Caliphs (Ktav Publishing House, 1970), vol. 2., pp. 315-316.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/549/ (accessed December 17, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-17T08:16:09.868030Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:45:03.213134Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:45:03.212945Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1198,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Heb. d. 43/10: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 43/10: 25r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 43/10: 25v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 43/10: 26r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 43/10: 26v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Heb. d. 65.10: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 65.10: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 65.10: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 65.10","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"31+marginalia (recto); 3 (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"230","width":"200","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1027","date_ce":"","date_observations":"May 19, 1027.","locality_of_writing":"Qayrawan","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Baghdad, Fustat, Qayrawan","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"The writer asks Ibn Awkal to hurry with the shipments and answers to and from Rav Hayya Gaon.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053629390205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053629390205171&SearchTxt=d.%2065.10,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-06","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_88","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-06","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5609/ (accessed February 6, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-06T15:13:21.963687Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-06T15:13:21.963701Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1293,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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The letter deals mainly with merchandise and shipments of goods. Dated to the beginning of the 11th century or the first third of the 11th century. The letter mentions the difficulty of transporting goods due to difficult times and praises the business acumen of Yehuda, who sought help from the government (sulṭān) with the transport of goods (ḥattā waffaqa Allahu Yehuda saʾla l-sulṭān fī ḥiml\"). Also mentions several shipwrecks and the writer's preoccupation with a barge that hadn't yet reached the port of Alexandria. YU.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. 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Ben-Sasson, The Jews of Sicily, 825–1068: Documents and Sources‎ (in Hebrew) (Ben-Zvi Institute, 1991).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2532/ (accessed February 9, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-09T10:03:13.315835Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-09T10:03:13.315856Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1295,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Elḥanan releases his wife Mudallala from the obligation to leave a house of his mother (in which he put her while going abroad) in the case that he does not return. This release is not valid if he should return. Also mentions the name Abū Zikrī in the first line. Witnesses: Avraham b. Yeshuʿa; Avraham b. Shemaʿya; the ḥaver Yeḥezqel b. ʿEli ha-Kohen (whose signature includes the superscript \"12\" likely indicating that the document was written on the 12th of the month, based on comparison with T-S NS J322); Shelomo b. Yosef b. Shelomo ha-Kohen. Pinḥas b. Yahaboy ha-Levi. At the bottom there are some jotted accounts in Judaeo-Arabic including for the price of yarn owed by 'my paternal aunt' and other mainly female relatives.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. 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Weiss, \"Documents Written by Hillel ben Eli: A Study in the Diplomatics of the Cairo Geniza Documents (MA Thesis)\" (PhD diss., n.p., 1967).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6445/ (accessed February 9, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-09T14:34:17.508531Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-09T14:34:17.508549Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1285,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/562/ (accessed February 5, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-05T14:11:12.267345Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-05T14:11:12.267361Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1298,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Yosef, the older brother, writes the letter. Mentions details about the Nagid, Avraham b. Ata, and his activities for the Yeshivas. The money that was collected in Fustat and Qayrawan from Yemen, Spain, and the Maghreb, is sent to Ibn ʿAwkal in Fustat. A small portion of the money is designated to the Ereṣ Yisraʾel yeshiva but most of the money is designated to the Babylonian Yeshivas. Also mentions a military travel by the governor of Qayrawān, and the Nagid Avraham b. Ata accompanied the governor (probably while he was a doctor).","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. 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Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5611/ (accessed February 9, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-09T16:33:34.092448Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-09T16:33:34.092464Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1353,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Elʿazar ha-Kohen (titled \"ha-Sar\" and \"Sofer ha-Malkhut,\" i.e., a government secretary/kātib). When the Frankish king Amalric captured the city of Bilbays in eastern Egypt in November 1168, he took many captives, including Jews. Some participated in finding the means to redeem themselves. This petitioner was one of them, a widow who paid the ransom fees or part of them in installments, one dinar at a time. Abū l-Barakāt had previously helped her and suggested that she leave a dinar with him until she needed it, since ransom fees weren't always paid promptly. When the time came to pay̦, the son of the widow's mother, who was a guarantor on her behalf, had been detained by the police or put under house arrest, so Dalāl asks the minister to do the favor he had promised. Mentions a cousin (ibn khāl) Abū ʿAlī Ḥassūn Ibn Zabqala and Saʿd al-Mulk.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. 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Goitein, Palestinian Jewry in Early Islamic and Crusader Times (ha-Yishuv be-Ereṣ Yisraʾel be-Reshit ha-Islam u-ve-Tequfat ha-Ṣalbanim)‎ (in Hebrew) (Yad Izhak Ben Zvi Publications, 1980).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/573/ (accessed February 27, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-27T13:54:38.219837Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-27T13:54:38.219854Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1097,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Sayce in 1896","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/fragments/full/MS_HEB_d_66_41b.jpg","repository_library_link_date":"2025-10-25","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"ed. Moshe Gil, In the Kingdom of Ismael (in Hebrew), vol. 2, pp. 782-785.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-10-25T18:29:04.036978+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-10-25T21:37:00.178318+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":3,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1171,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.5: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.5: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.5: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.5","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"26+marginalia","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Egypt, Alexandria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"al-Mahdiyya, al-Shām, Fustat","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Yehuda b. Moshe ibn Sighmār, in Alexandria, to ʿEli ha-Kohen b. Yaḥyā (aka Ḥayyim) the parnas, in Fustat. Yehuda explains the problems he has been having collecting monies owed him by a 'partner,' Abū Isḥāq Avraham b. Faraj al-Raḥbī, having to do with the sale of a valuable piece of ambergris. He has heard that Abū Isḥāq is now in Fustat, but he cannot come in person due to an eye disease (recto, margin, ll. 1–2). He requests that ʿEli represent him in litigation against that person. He has enclosed a power of attorney with his letter.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Cohen, \"A Partnership Gone Bad: Business Relationships and the Evolving Law of the Cairo Geniza Period,\"Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 56, no. 2 (Brill, 2013), 218-263.\r\n\r\nM. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 4.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/578/ (accessed December 22, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-22T16:06:18.023905Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-23T07:33:10.065932Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-23T07:33:10.065729Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1177,"hand_set":["MS. Bodl. 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MS heb. d 66/79. Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/584/ (accessed January 6, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-06T16:05:02.730145Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-27T01:31:45.763469Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2026-01-27T01:31:45.763267Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1300,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.88: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.88: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 66.88","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"20","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"192","width":"178","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"ca. 1095.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Record of a deposition in court","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"The record states that Perahya b. Ya'aqov appeared in court and dedicated his compound to the two synagogues, of the Palestinians and the Babylonians. The rent of the compound is to be spent on oil for the two synagogues, in equal parts. Since there were too many errors in this document, the scribe probably decided to write it again, and that is perhaps the reason why the document is unsigned.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053421380205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053421380205171&SearchTxt=d.%2066.88,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-10","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_89","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, Documents of the Jewish Pious Foundations from the Cairo Geniza (Brill, 1976).\r\n\r\nG. Weiss, \"Documents Written by Hillel ben Eli: A Study in the Diplomatics of the Cairo Geniza Documents (MA Thesis)\" (PhD diss., n.p., 1967).\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/585/ (accessed February 10, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-10T09:43:59.279686Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-10T09:43:59.279703Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1180,"hand_set":["MS. Bodl. 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Heb. d. 74.36: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 74.36: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 74.36","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"17","number_of_ruled_lines":"17","ruling_observations":"","height":"228,6","width":"177,8","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"<span data-ct=\"1\" style=\"\">אעתרפת גאליה בנת יצחק רחמה אללה ארמלה פוריג\r\nביר [. . . . . . . . . ] וחוסן בנת אברהים הידוע בן פולה\r\nאלצירפי</span> <span data-ct=\"13\" style=\"\">גמיעא פי בית //דין </span>// <span data-ct=\"6\" style=\"\">אנהם קבצו דינארין\r\nצחיחין גידין</span> מן חואלה <span data-ct=\"3\">אלשיך אבו יוסף יעקוב //בן דויד</span>// אדאם\r\nאללה עזה קבצו דלך מן יד <span data-ct=\"3\">כגק מר ור מסאפר החזן</span>\r\nביר <span data-ct=\"3\">שלמה החזן</span> נבע מן חואלה <span data-ct=\"3\">אבו מנצור גאלב\r\nביר יצחק</span> נבע <span data-ct=\"8\">וסאלו אכדו שהאדתנא בדלך</span> וסאלו\r\nאיצא איצאל שכרהם אלי אלשיך שצ ואיצאלה\r\nבאלברכות עלי פצלה ואחסאנה אלמותואצלין\r\n. . . . . אלי מחלה קאל אלחכים גומל נפשו איש\r\nחסד וקאל איצא ולוקח נפשות חכם אשריו\r\nוטוב לו אד הדה אפעאלה וסיירה וכצאלה\r\nפעל אלגמיל ואלמערוף מע אלגרבא ואעצם ואגל\r\nמע אלאקרבא אללה יסתגיב מן אלכל פיה ויוליה מן\r\nפצלה ואחסאנה כסעת ידה וכן יהי רצון\r\n<span data-ct=\"10\">וכאתבה ואלשאהד באלדנאניר זכריה הלוי\r\nביר משה</span> נבע <span data-ct=\"12\">והו יכץ חצרתה באתם\r\nאלסל]אם</span>","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Unusual hybrid between a legal record and a letter. Ghāliya bt. Yiṣḥaq, the widow of Furayj, and Ḥusn bt. Ibrāhīm Ibn Fūla(?) al-Ṣayrafī acknowledge in court that they have received two dinars from the debt transfer (ḥawāla) of Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb b. David through Abū Manṣūr Ghālib b. Yiṣḥaq, handed over by the cantor Musāfir b. Shelomo, in the presence of Zekharya b. Moshe ha-Levi. The latter also wrote the document and conveys the thanks of the two ladies (who were relatives) and his own greetings. (Information from Goitein's index cards).","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord. Ultimately from the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053424430205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053424430205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20d%2074.36,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-15","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_93#MS_Heb_d_74-part36","repository_library_link_date":"2025-12-15","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2562/ (accessed December 15, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-15T08:34:00.167200Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-22T05:38:21.263386Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-15T09:26:25.630781Z","collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[3],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[12],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1302,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 74.47: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 74.47: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 74.47","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"15","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"241","width":"184","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Formal petition","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"ormal petition in Judaeo-Arabic from a group of (sugar?) laborers to a notable titled Peʾer ha-Qahal, (‘the crown of the congregation'). Header: Psalms 41:2. Hand of Hillel b. ʿEli (active 1066–1100 CE). The petitioners were apparently newcomers to a provincial town (though it is not clear where the document says this) and were dragged to the corvee (forced labor) and forced to work for the government by doing some job (the specifics are lost in a lacuna in line 5) which is perceived by their fellow Jews as tantamount to idolatry. They also assert that the indigenous inhabitants did not permit them to exercise their craft (Goitein). Or, alternatively, the threat of excommunication is for the scenario in which they continue working for the government, and they now wish to be exempted from this work, by asking the addressee to intervene with the ṣāḥib al-shurṭa on their behalf. Join: Oded Zinger. The join is very likely but not 100% certain as there are no words clearly split across the two fragments. There may also be a third intervening piece.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord. Ultimately from the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053424540205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053424540205171&SearchTxt=d.%2074.47,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-10","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_93","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/2570/ (accessed February 10, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-10T11:00:39.047024Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-10T11:00:39.047038Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1333,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.20: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.20: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.20: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.20","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"29+marginalia (recto); 14+marginalia (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"266","width":"180","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1062","date_ce":"","date_observations":"November 28, 1062.","locality_of_writing":"Alexandria","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Ascalon, Busir, Cairo, Jerusalem, Tinnis","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Mūsā b. Abī l-Ḥayy, in Alexandria, to Nahray b. Nissim, in Fustat. In Judaeo-Arabic. Dating: November 28, 1062 (Udovitch). The writer recently returned from a long trip in Palestine. He suffered from illness during his trip. He visited Jerusalem, and had the time to manage trading, as he bought textile products, oil, nuts, and silk, and arranged shipments of coins. The writer also mentions the bad times in Egypt and the pressure that the community in Tripoli, Libya, is having because of the taxes. Goitein translation of the illness passage (r5–11), slightly altered, is as follows: \"You have received no letter from me, because exhaustion (iltiyāth) did not leave my body from the very time I left. I arrived in Tyre, but was unable to do business there for more than five days and then remained confined to bed (lāzim al-farsh) for nineteen days. Finally God granted me recovery. I proceeded to Jaffa and from there went up to Jerusalem—may God rebuild it—and again I could not do there business for more than eight days and then was confined to bed (lāzim al-farsh), suffering from chills and fever (al-bard wa-l-ḥummā), during the month (of the High Holidays). By God I was unable to walk up the Mountain (of Olives) on the day of the Festival (21 Tishrei) but had to ride. I gave myself up. But God the exalted was merciful to me for the sake of His name and gave me health. I was able to leave the house, but the remnant of the weakness (or 'illness'; baqiyyat al-ḍuʿf) is still with me. The travel to Tinnīs, and from there home, was a great trial which to describe would take too much space. I praise God who turned the end to the good and brought me back in safety.\"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord in 1906. From the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053629960205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053629960205171&SearchTxt=75.20,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-20","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_94#MS_Heb_d_75-part24-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-20","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"A. L. Udovitch, \"Formalism and informalism in the Social and Economic institutions of the Medieval Islamic World,\" in Individualism and Conformity in Classical Islam (Harrassowitz, 1977), 61–81.\r\n\r\nM. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5618/ (accessed February 19, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-20T10:23:57.991690Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-20T10:23:57.991713Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1336,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.21: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.21: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.21: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.21","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"27+marginalia (recto); 6 (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"279","width":"184","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Bilbays","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from Abū Faraj to Eliyyahu the Judge. The sender has some unusual spelling habits, e.g., אא for آ; and ת for ד; and טתמאן for تطمئن. Arranged in two columns. Deals mainly with small business matters. Subjects include myrtle seed, sugar, a legal deed over 25 dinars, a scarf or bathrobe (minshafa). Mentions people such as Abū Naṣr, ʿImrān, Sulaymān al-Kohen (\"your neighbor\"), Eliyyahu's sister's son, the son of Bū l-Ḥasan, Eliyyahu's sons (\"greetings to Rabbi Zekharya and Rabbi Berakhot\"), and the ḥaverim from Bilbays.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord in 1906. From the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053424700205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053424700205171&SearchTxt=d.%2075.21,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-23","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_94#MS_Heb_d_75-part24-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-23","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/6493/ (accessed February 23, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-23T08:24:43.635629Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-23T08:24:43.635645Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1312,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.24: Main text scribe 2 - Cursive","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.24: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.24: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. d. 75.24","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"15","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"276","width":"180","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1049-1050","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"Fustat. Tinnis","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Letter from a prominent member of the Yeshiva in Palestine writing to a communal leader in Fustat. In Judaeo-Arabic with some Hebrew. Ends with the motto \"yeshuʿa.\" Goitein identified the sender as Daniel b. ʿAzarya; the addressee as possibly Sahlān b. Avraham; and the date as 1361 Seleucid, which is 1049/50 CE. Gil misread the date as 1391 Seleucid and therefore identified the sender as David b. Daniel b. ʿAzarya. The purpose of the letter is to announce an upcoming visit \"for the renewing of the covenant\" (tajdīd al-ʿahd) with the community of Fustat. The response should be sent to Tinnīs.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord in 1906. From the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053424740205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053424740205171&SearchTxt=d.%2075.24,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-13","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_94#MS_Heb_d_75-part24-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-13","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"S. D. Goitein, \"New sources on Daniel b. Azarya, Nasi and Gaon‎\" (in Hebrew), Shalem‎ 2 (Yad Izhak Ben Zvi / יד יצחק בן-צבי, 1976), 41-102.\r\n\r\nMoshe Gil, Palestine During the First Muslim Period (634–1099)‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1983), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/595/ (accessed February 13, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-13T10:10:08.133299Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-13T10:10:08.133315Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":962,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: Main text scribe; Vocaliser 1 - Square","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: Main text scribe; Vocaliser 2 - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 1v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 2r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 2v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 3r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 3v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 4r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 4v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 5r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 5v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 6r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 6v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 7r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 7v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 8r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26: 8v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 26","name":"Donolo","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"22-24","number_of_ruled_lines":"22-24","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_115","repository_library_link_date":"2025-05-05","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Adolf Neubauer, \"Un chapitre inédit de Sabbetaï Donnolo. In: Revue des études juives\", Vol. 22, n°44, avril-juin 1891, pp. 213-218. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3406/rjuiv.1891.3747 Online: www.persee.fr/doc/rjuiv_0484-8616_1891_num_22_44_3747 (last date accessed 8th May 2025)\r\n\r\nAdolf Neubauer and Arthur Ernest Cowley, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, vol. ii, by , Oxford 1906, No. 2762. Online: https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/images/catalogue/Catalogue-1_p053a.jpg (last date accessed 8th May 2025)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-05-05T15:30:34.241219+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-11-24T08:19:38.346350Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":12,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":1309,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 94.24: Main text scribe - Cursive"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 94.24: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. e. 94.24","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"18","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"375","width":"725","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Ibn al-Nagid is mentioned. There is one line in Arabic script at the bottom. From line 6 onward, written in the hand of Nahray b. Nissim.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought in January 1906 through J. 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Ultimately from the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053454120205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053454120205171&SearchTxt=e.%2094.24,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-12","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_158#MS_Heb_e_94-part16-item1","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-12","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/9326/ (accessed February 12, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-12T10:48:03.928602Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-12T10:48:03.928629Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[8],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1260,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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It begins with an account of the balance of what remained from the previous year, and then summarizes Nahray's business activities and the shipments he sent to Abu Ishaq in the last two years, including goods like pearls, beads, clothes, and fabrics. It seems like Nahray partnered with ha-Tahiriti in addition to working independently.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord in 1906. From the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053634830205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053634830205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20e.%2098.64,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-27","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_162","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-27","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders (Princeton University Press, 1973)\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/603/ (accessed January 27, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-27T12:38:49.297413Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-27T12:38:49.297428Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[1264],"book_type":[],"document_type":[6],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[8],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1264,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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It begins with an account of the balance of what remained from the previous year, and then summarizes Nahray's business activities and the shipments he sent to Abu Ishaq in the last two years, including goods like pearls, beads, clothes, and fabrics. It seems like Nahray partnered with ha-Tahiriti in addition to working independently.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through J. Offord in 1906. From the Genizah.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053634830205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053634830205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20e.%2098.64,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-28","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_162","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-28","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2\r\n\r\nS. D. Goitein, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders (Princeton University Press, 1973)\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/603/ (accessed January 28, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-28T10:30:43.299819Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-28T10:30:43.299836Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[1260],"book_type":[],"document_type":[6],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[8],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1268,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Nissim, Fustat. Regarding shipment of clothes and scarves. The writer asks for the prices of linen in Busir and asks Nahray to send him lemon-water.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053455930205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053455930205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20e.%2098.74,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-01-29","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_162","repository_library_link_date":"2026-01-29","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 3.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5625/ (accessed January 29, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-01-29T12:36:35.311591Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-01-29T12:36:35.311607Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[2,3],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1167,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34/40: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34.40: 1r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34.40","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"Fragments from a copy of a letter.","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"20","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"The surviving copy of the letter dates to the 11th century, while the original letter was written in March/April 953.","locality_of_writing":"Pumbedita","localities_mentioned_in_document":"al-Andalus, Jerusalem","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Fragments from a copy of a letter. The writer is a person from Pumbedita (which belongs to a family of several Gaons) to a person in Spain, might be Hasdai b. Shaprut. The copy from the 11th century. Original letter from March/April 953. The letter contains important details about the connections with Spain (Sefarad/al-Andalus in l. 18), as well as about main figures in the Iraqi yeshiva. Mentions the exilarch – Shelomo b. Yishay.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990053470270205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053470270205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20f%2034.40,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2025-12-17","repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Moshe Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5626/ (accessed December 17, 2025).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-12-17T15:49:24.214105Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:45:28.550395Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-12-19T06:45:28.550218Z","collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[6],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1346,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Original letter from March/April 953. The letter contains important details about the connections with Spain, as well as about main figures in the Iraqi yeshiva. Mentions the exilarch – Shelomo b. Yishay.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001647290205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001647290205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20f.%2034,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-25","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_191","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-25","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5626/ (accessed February 25, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-25T09:35:55.102319Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-25T09:35:55.102339Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1,3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1351,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34.45: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34.45: 1r","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34.45: 1v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. f. 34.45","name":"","related_items_observations":"","document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"21 (recto); 20 (verso)","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Beginning of the 11th century.","locality_of_writing":"Baghdad","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Copy of a letter","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"Copy of a letter from Shemuel Gaon b. Hofni to the community in Fez. Mentions tragic events that took place in Fez, including killing of community members and destroying of the synagogue. The writer sends his deep condolences. The letter was probably sent from Baghdad through Fustat and Sahlan copied parts of it.","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Bought through the Rev. Prof. Sayce, 1896 (from the Genizah).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990001647290205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001647290205171&SearchTxt=heb.%20f.%2034,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2026-02-26","repository_library_link":"https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_191","repository_library_link_date":"2026-02-26","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 2.\r\n\r\nAvailable online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5632/ (accessed February 26, 2026).","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2026-02-26T14:20:34.887852Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2026-02-26T14:20:34.887868Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":11,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[1],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[2],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[3],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[],"language":[1],"subject_field":[],"document_text_type":[2],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":1343,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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He informed them that he had in his hands such a manuscript, ‘very elegant and finely illuminated’, and that it was for sale. The trustees duly purchased the Bible the following April, and it remained the property of the Radcliffe Library until 1872, when it was transferred to the Bodleian. Kennicott could not have made a better choice, for the Bible, now named after him, is one of the finest Hebrew manuscripts in existence. How did he come by it? It had been placed in his hands by the Earl of Panmure, to whom it had been entrusted by its owner, Patrick Chalmers, a Scottish merchant, who had purchased it in Gibraltar. From Gibraltar we can trace the manuscript back to north Africa, and from there to La Coruña in Spain, where it was created.\r\n\r\nOur witness is the scribe, who in a colophon at the end of the biblical text signed his name, Moses Ibn Zabarah. He recorded that he finished the work in La Coruña in the 5236th year since the Creation – that is, AD 1476; that he was responsible for copying, checking and correcting the entire text; and that it was made for his patron, the ‘admirable youth, Isaac, son of the late honourable and beloved Don Solomon di Braga’:\r\n\r\n    The blessed Lord grant that he study it, he and his children and his children’s children throughout all generations … And God enable him to produce many books, in order to fulfil the saying ‘and moreover take care, my son, to produce many books, books without end’. Amen, God grant that it be so.\r\n\r\nMoses, a master of his art, wrote the text in a beautiful, bold Sephardi script; around it he penned the most delicate micrography, with which he sometimes fashions intricate geometrical shapes:\r\n\r\nHe did not work alone, but in close collaboration with an artist of genius, who on the last page of the manuscript exuberantly signed his name in anthropomorphic and zoomorphic creatures: ‘I, Joseph Ibn Hayyim, illuminated and completed this book.’ In gold and brightly coloured paints Joseph adorned the text with elaborate (pen work), (creatures) of all description, carpet pages, and the occasional biblical scene.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nBetween them, over a period of perhaps ten months, Moses Ibn Zabarah and Joseph Ibn Hayyim created a masterpiece. Doubtless its owner, the ‘admirable youth’ Don Isaac, was delighted with it, studied it at home, and showed it to his friends and acquaintances with pride. It began its travels in 1492, when the Jews were expelled from Spain. Secure in its distinctive box binding, it may have gone with Isaac di Braga first to Portugal, and from there to North Africa, eventually, almost three centuries after its completion, finding its way to Oxford.","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"The Kennicott Bible\r\nhttp://bav.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/news/the-kennicott-bible\r\n\r\nThe Kennicott Bible described by Malachi Beit-Arié\r\nhttps://youtu.be/DfoIQPOsqCc","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-01-17T09:14:19.878337Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-03-27T18:56:01.312555Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-02-12T16:53:11.317981Z","collection":71,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":16,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1,15],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[16],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":160,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 240\r\n\r\nשיר, רוני, מאגיה ומיסטיקה ביהדות: קבלה, כישוף, יכולות על-טבעיות (ירושלים, 1997), 91.\r\nשלום, גרשום, בעקבות משיח :‏ ‏אוסף מקורות מראשית התפתחות האמונה השבתאית (ירושלים, 1943), 474-477, 488-492.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-08-12T10:11:38.085597+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-08-13T06:56:20.717112+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-08-13T06:56:20.716964+01:00","collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1,2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[3,5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[2,11,12],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":608,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Iste liber quidam qui sic incipit propter bona, et propter retributionies multas et magnas reuelatas, et abscinditas etc.\"; \"... traditiones de Abrahamo ... R. Akiba.\"; \"Liber Guilielmi Laud Archiepi[scopi] Cantuar[iensis] et Cancellarii Uniuersitatis Oxon[iensis] 1633\"\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990000939890205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000939890205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-08-29","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_336","repository_library_link_date":"2024-08-29","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Critical edition: A.M. Lesley, The Song of Solomon's Ascent (PHD Thesis, Berkeley 1976)\r\n\r\nA. 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[i]r); \"Liber Guilielmi Laud Archiepi[scopi] Cantuar[iensis] et Cancelarii Universitatis Oxon[iensis] 1635\" (fol. 1v)\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14)","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0C250","sfardata_link_date":"2024-09-03","ktiv_reference":"990001628790205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990001628790205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-09-03","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_342","repository_library_link_date":"2024-09-03","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1981.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. 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Recudi curavit et notas adiecit Paulus Iacobus Bruns. Brunovici: Orphanotrophei, 1783.\r\n\r\nNeubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 111.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. 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Laud Or. 126","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"32","number_of_ruled_lines":"32","ruling_observations":"","height":"213","width":"154","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Owners: \" ... שלי רפאל גלקו \"; \" אברהם גליקו \"; \" יהודה בכ\"ר יצחק דאטו \" (fol. 1r). Censors' signatures: \"visto per me Gio[vanni] Domi[ni]co Carretto 1618\" (fol. 63r); \"vista per mi F. Luigi [da Bologna] del 1600\", \"Clemente Renatto\" (fol. 63v). Owner's inscription: \"Liber Guilielmi Laud Archiepi[scopi] Cantuar[iensis] et Cancellarii Universitatis Oxon[iensis] 1635\" (fol. 1v)\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990000883300205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000883300205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-09-09","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_345","repository_library_link_date":"2024-09-09","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 299.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 299.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-09-09T09:31:41.117683+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-09-09T09:31:41.117699+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[2],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":624,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 152: Main text scribe; Artist - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 152: 13v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 152: 45v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 152","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"35","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"350","width":"245","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Owners' inscriptions: \" אליעזר ב\"ר שמואל בכהן ז\"ל \"; \" משה בר אשר הכוהן זל \" (fol. 1r); \" שלי הוא המיימני אליעזר בר שמואל הכהן שליט זצל \"; \" אשר בן ... יוסף ... מילדי גיינצבורג ... ממנו קנתי נאום ... אליעזר ... בן ... שמואל שלי\"ט אולמא מגיינצבורג שנת שס\"א לפ\"ק \"; \" ברוך ה אשר הניעני הנה כפר היטנום בשנת של\"ב אדם קצה בחיו בשנת רעב ושנת חצי דבר ... והנני גר הייתי פה ומלמד תינוקו של כמר זלמון ברייטן במר משה כ\"ץ ... צדוק בר אליעזר ז\"ל איש פרוסטיץ בארץ מערהרן \" (fol. 88v); \" אני אשר בר יעקב הכהן ז\"ל \" (fol. 89v) \"Liber Guil[ie]lmi Laude Archiepi[scopi] Cant[uariensis] et Cancellarii Universit[atis] Oxon[iensis] 1636\"\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990000897140205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000897140205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-09-10","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_346","repository_library_link_date":"2024-09-10","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 578.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 578.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-09-10T05:21:12.712149+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-09-10T05:21:12.712165+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[7],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":476,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 158: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 158: 56r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 158","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"39","number_of_ruled_lines":"39","ruling_observations":"","height":"370","width":"272","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Provenance and Acquisition\r\n\r\nOwner's inscription: \"Liber Guil[ie]lmi Laude Archiepi[scopi] Cant[uariensis] et Cancellarii Universit[atis] Oxon[iensis] 1636\" (fol. 1r)\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 589.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 589.\r\n\r\nSfarData record:\r\nhttps://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/ZC195\r\n(Accessed on 21/05/2024)\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000897270205171&SearchTxt=laud.,AND\r\n(Accessed on 21/05/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-05-21T14:38:01.595574+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-05-21T14:38:01.595598+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[7,8],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":627,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 166: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 166: 14v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 166","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"32","number_of_ruled_lines":"32","ruling_observations":"","height":"238","width":"170","height_of_written_area":"180","width_of_written_area":"115","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1470","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Fritzlar? (Germany)","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Donated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0C117","sfardata_link_date":"2024-09-11","ktiv_reference":"990000903920205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000903920205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-09-11","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_351","repository_library_link_date":"2024-09-11","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 703.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 703","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-09-11T09:50:43.331562+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-09-11T09:50:43.331578+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1,6],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[7,8],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":466,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 233: Main text scribe; Artist - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 233: 139v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 233","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"38","number_of_ruled_lines":"38","ruling_observations":"","height":"299.67","width":"207.33","height_of_written_area":"210.33","width_of_written_area":"142","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"1463","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"Germany","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Owners' inscriptions: אברהם בן לאא מהרר יצחק במקצנאלבוגין שמעתי והאזנתי בקול מצותיו מן הגאון רמ (fol. 1v); \"Liber Guil[ielmi] Laude Archiepi[scopi] Cant[uariensis] et Cancellarii Universit[atis] Oxon[iensis] 1636\" (fol. 1v); ברוך השם אשר לא נתנני טרף לשינהם. אני אברהם בר יצחק שוואב שליט המכונה אברהם גרונבך (fol. 2r); אני ישעיʹ בר יוסף מנשה(?) (fol. 2r); אני מאיר ברבי משה סגל מק\"ק ליכטנשטאט (fols. 80r, 133r, 175v); אני אברהם בר יצחק שוואב שליט מק\"ק גרונבך (fol. 80r); \"אלחנן בן ישראל אוירנגר מפוירדא אצל נירנברג בשנת שס\"ג\" (fol. 175v); \"יודא בר שמעון שלי\"ט אויערבך\", (fol. 175v); \"יוסף בן אהרן שליט\"א מק\"ק פלון\" (fol. 175v); \"שמעון בן הרר’ יהודה הנקרא וואלף בן ... ליבאיש פיקא מקק’ פראג\" (fol. 175v).\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 709.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 709.\r\n\r\nSfarData record:\r\nhttps://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0C120\r\n(Accessed on 16/05/2024)\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000904020205171&SearchTxt=laud.,AND\r\n(Accessed on 16/05/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-05-16T07:21:46.596654+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-05-16T07:34:32.788238+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":65,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1,3],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[7,8],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":630,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 234: Main text scribe; Artist - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 234: 7v","Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 234: 8r"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 234","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"290","width":"210","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Ownership inscription: \"Liber Guilielmi Laud Archiepi[scopi] Cant[uariensis] et Cancellar[ii] Universitatis Oxon[iensis] 1634\" (fol. 1r); erased Arabic (?) note on fol. 1r; erased Hebrew note on fol. 215v, undeciphered Hebrew inscription on fol. 216r\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990000928900205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000928900205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-09-13","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_355","repository_library_link_date":"2024-09-13","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1250.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1250.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-09-13T09:38:10.087335+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-09-13T09:38:10.087353+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[12],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":632,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 269: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 269: 3v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 269","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"42","number_of_ruled_lines":"42","ruling_observations":"","height":"332","width":"233","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"mid-late 14th century","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Owners inscription: \"Liber Guilielmi Laud Archiepi[scopi] Cantuari[i] et Cancellarii Universitatis Oxon[iensis] 1633\" (fol.2v). At the end of the MS births and deaths; the earliest is of 5207 (1407), the death of R. Shimon ben Yitsḥaḳ.\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":"990000901880205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000901880205171&SearchTxt=laud%20or,AND","ktiv_link_date":"2024-09-18","repository_library_link":"https://hebrew.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_356","repository_library_link_date":"2024-09-18","multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 680.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 680.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-09-18T08:23:16.530383+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-09-18T08:23:16.530400+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[7],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":473,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 271: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. Laud Or. 271: 187v"],"shelfmark":"Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Beit-Ariè).\r\n\r\nProvenance and Acquisition:\r\n\r\nOwnership inscription: \"Liber Guil[ielmi] Laude Archiepi[scopi] Cantuarij et Cancellarii Universit. Oxon[iensis] 1636\" (fol.1r)\r\n\r\nDonated to the Library by Archbishop William Laud (see Summary Catalogue, vol.II, part 1, pp.13-14).","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Neubauer, Adolf, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford, 1886), no. 1206.\r\n‫ כה\"י תואר ע\"י א’ גרוסמן, באורח מדע-מחקרים...לאהרן מירסקי (לוד, תשמ\"ו), עמ’ 45-468. ‬\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; \r\n\r\nSupplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1206.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arie, Malachi. Unveiled Faces of Medieval Hebrew Books: The Evolution of Manuscript Production - Progression or Regression (Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2003), 71, n17\r\n\r\nHollender, Elisabeth. 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Spanische Grundlage und portugiesische Übersetzung\", in: ed. Dieter Kremer, Homenagem a Joseph M. Piel por ocasiâo do seu 85° aniversário, (Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1988), 251-270.\r\n\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 2031.\r\n\r\nLevi, Joseph Abraham, \"Afonso X, o Sábio, as ciências \"islâmicas,\" o papel de Afonso X na difusão dessas ciências e o 'Liuro conplido en o[s] juizos das estrelas.' Possíveis conexões entre o 'Livro conplido en los iudizios de las estrellas' e uma versão portuguesa do século XV escrita em caracteres hebraicos, o Bodleian Library MS. Laud Or. 310.\" Torre de Papel 4 (1995): 119-191.\r\n\r\nStrolovitch, Devon L., Old Portuguese in Hebrew Script: Convention, Contact, and Convivência (Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY), 185-327.\r\n\r\nSfarData record:\r\nhttps://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0C257\r\n(Accessed on 17/05/2024)\r\n\r\nKtiv record:\r\nhttps://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=MANUSCRIPTS&scope=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000945270205171&SearchTxt=laud.,AND\r\n(Accessed on 17/05/2024)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-05-17T08:00:23.563645+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-05-17T08:00:23.563672+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[3],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[13],"subject_field":[13],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":463,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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Essays in Honour of Moshe Barasch (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1983), pp. 49-62.\r\nNarkiss, Bezalel, 'Pharaoh is Dead and living at the Gates of Hell', Journal of Jewish Art 10 (1984), 6-13 (p. 10).\r\nSed-Rajna, Gabrielle, La Bible hébraïque (Fribourg: Office du Livre, 1987), pp. 147 and 150.\r\nBeit-Arié, Malachi and R.A. May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 2374.\r\nRuth Mellinkoff, Antisemitic Hate Signs in Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts from Medieval Germany (Jerusalem: Center of Jewish Art–The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1999).\r\nSarit Shalev-Eyni, ‘Ha-Mahzor ha-Meshullash’, unpublished doctoral thesis, (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 2001).\r\nSarit Shalev-Eyni, 'In the Days of the Barley Harvest: The Iconography of Ruth', Artibus et Historiae, 26 (2005), 37-57.\r\nZsofia Buda, ‘Animals and the Gaze at Women. Zoocephalic Figures in the Tripartite Mahzor’, in Animal Diversities, ed. by Gerhard Jaritz and Alice Choyke (Krems: Medium Aevum Quotidianum, 2005), pp. 136-66.\r\nBuda, Zsofia ‘Zoocephalic Figures in the Tripartite Mahzor’, unpublished M.A. Thesis (Budapest: Central European University, 2005). Summary published in Annual of Medieval Studies at CEU, 12 (2006), 33-47.\r\nShalev-Eyni, Sarit. 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Neubauer, Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library (Oxford 1886)\r\n\r\nCatalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer's Catalogue). Oxford 1994","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-01-10T10:20:58.163452Z","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-01-10T10:20:58.163467Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":71,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":65,"meta_lastupdated_by":null,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[2],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[2],"ruling_pattern":[1],"estimated_geographical_area":[6],"language":[1],"subject_field":[5,6],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[65],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":761,"hand_set":["Oxford, Bodleian MS. 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[ii]v that is a parchment charter); \"משולם בר יצחק זל...\" (fol. 1r, beginning of the inscription was trimmed off); \"שליזאת הפרישה מחומש וכתיבת אבא מורי ז\"ל נאום הצעיר משלם בר’ יצחק ז\"ל המכונה קוופמן היימבך\" . 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May (eds), Catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts in the Bodleian Library; Supplement of Addenda and Corrigenda to Vol. I (A. Neubauer’s Catalogue) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994), no. 1126.\r\n\r\nWijsman, Suzanne, “The Oppenheimer Siddur: Artist and Scribe in a Fifteenth-Century Hebrew Prayer Book”, in Crossing Borders: Hebrew Manuscripts as the Meeting-Place of Cultures, Piet van Boxel and Sabine Arndt, eds. 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Parm. 677","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"21","number_of_ruled_lines":"21","ruling_observations":"","height":"241-242 mm","width":"200 mm","height_of_written_area":"157-160 mm","width_of_written_area":"134-137 mm","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"חדש אייר שנת חמשת אלפים ומאתים ושלשים ושלש לבריאת עולם","date_ce":"1473","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"Lisbon, Portugal","localities_mentioned_in_document":"לישבונא","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"The scribe added below the main colophon, in tiny letters used for the Masoretic script:\r\nמבן חמשה ועשרים בלישבונא ישע יקרב\r\nIn the colophon, the scribe mentioned his origin as \"from Medinah\".","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Torah with Haphtarot (Spanish rite)\r\nfol. 1v-16r, Sefer Diqduqei hq-Te 'amim of Aaron ben Moses ben Asher, in a decorative square frame composed of poetic verses\r\nfol. 17r a book list of the library of Moses Forti, who acquired the book in 1611. The list is dated from 1643.","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Colophon, fol. 304r\r\nאני שמואל ב'ר' יצחק דימדינה כתבתי אלה חמשה ספרי תורה והפטרות בעזרת אל רוכב ערבות ליקר הנכבד הגביר הנחמד רבי גדליה ש'צ' בן כבוד מבחר הישישים יועץ חרשים טוב עם ייי ועם אנשים ר' יוסף ווליד נ'ע' האל יזכהו להגות בו הוא ובניו ובני בניו ויקיים בהם מקרא שכת' ואני זאת בריתי אותם אמר ייי רוחי אשר עליך ודברי אשר שמתי בפיך לא ימושו מפיך ומפי זרעך ומפי זרע זרעך אמר ייי מעתה ועד עולם ונשלם בחדש אייר שנת חמשת אלפים ומאתים ושלשים ושלש לבריאת עולם\r\nמבן חמשה ועשרים בלישבונא ישע יקרב\r\nThe same scribe copied MS. Parma 2674\r\nItalian ownership marks dated to the 17th century\r\nAcquired by Moses Forti in 1611 (see fol. 17v, his book list)","sfardata_link":"https://sfardata.nli.org.il/#/manuscript/0E269","sfardata_link_date":"2024-10-02","ktiv_reference":"990000828190205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/he/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000828190205171&vid=MANUSCRIPTS","ktiv_link_date":"2024-10-02","repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Benjamin Richler (Palaeographical and Codicological Descriptions by Malachi Beit-Arié),  Hebrew Manuscripts in the Biblioteca Palatina in Parma, Jerusalem, 2001, n° 146, pp. 34-35.\r\nBenjamin Kennicott, Dissertatio Generalis, n° 548.","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2024-10-02T13:55:10.515423+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-09-18T12:21:33.699557+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2025-09-18T12:06:09.359018+01:00","collection":41,"date_century":15,"meta_created_by":64,"meta_lastupdated_by":3,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[3],"language":[1],"subject_field":[1],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[1],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[],"meta_contributors":[3]},{"id":85,"hand_set":["Philadelphia, Penn Museum B2924"],"itemimage_set":["Philadelphia, Penn Museum B2924: Incantation Bowl B2924 (interior)"],"shelfmark":"Philadelphia, Penn Museum B2924","name":"Incantation Bowl","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"","number_of_ruled_lines":"","ruling_observations":"","height":"","width":"","height_of_written_area":"","width_of_written_area":"","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Nippur, Iraq","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"","document_text_type_other":"Incantation","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"Babylonian Expedition to Nippur I,1889","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-05-08T11:23:03.891660+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2024-04-13T17:38:03.909909+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2024-04-13T17:38:03.909704+01:00","collection":240,"date_century":null,"meta_created_by":30,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[9],"ink":[6],"writing_instrument":[6],"ruling_existence":[2],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[18],"document_text_type":[11],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[30],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":82,"hand_set":["Toronto, MS. Friedberg 9-001: Main text scribe - Square"],"itemimage_set":["Toronto, MS. Friedberg 9-001: c 1 recto"],"shelfmark":"Toronto, MS. Friedberg 9-001","name":"Toronto Mishna","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"","number_of_written_lines":"36","number_of_ruled_lines":"36","ruling_observations":"","height":"260","width":"240","height_of_written_area":"230","width_of_written_area":"185","dimensions_observations":"","date_mentioned":"[...]אה  וחמשין ותרתין שנין לשטרי","date_ce":"841","date_observations":"The parchment is unfortunately damaged, and the date is only partly preserved. The preserved text mentions the day of the week, the day of the month, the decades and units of the year as well as the dating era: לשטרי, “the era of the documents” (Seleucid era). Line two of the colophon ends with the word חדש, “month”. Therefore, the name of the month was written at the beginning of line three. The lacuna in the parchment allows space for the name of the month as well as for the introduction of the year. In the usual dating formula, the year would be introduced by שנת, “year of”, or בשנת, “in the year of”. This must have been followed by the word אלפא, “one thousand”. The next word, the hundreds, is partly legible, and can only be reconstructed as מאה, “one hundred”. Thus, the manuscript was written in the year 1152 of the Seleucid era. The available space excludes that there was another numeral between אלפא and מאה, giving for example three hundred, four hundred, etc. The year 1152 of the Seleucid era corresponds to AM 4601; depending on the month, it corresponds to 840 or 841 of the Julian calendar.  In that year 1152, the only month of which the 29th fell on a Friday is Tammuz. Thus, the date of the completion of the copy is probably the 22 July 841.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"Iraq","place_observations":"The manuscript contains Babylonian vowels.","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"This is one of many fragments from the same Mishna codex found in the Cairo Genizah. This fragments contains the end of the Order Toharot, tractate 'Oqtzin. \r\nThe list of the preserved fragments and their text:\r\n- Order Nashim: Jerusalem, NLI 577.4.15 (Ketubbot 5,6 – 7,6) (Sussmann, n° 7662); Cambridge, T-S E1.81 (Ketubbot 8,1, v. 8,7 – 8) (Sussmann, n° 1703); New York, JTS ENA 3655.7 (Ketubbot 11,1-3 v. 12,3-4) (Sussmann n° 6751); Cambridge, T-S E1.89 (Ketubbot 13, 7 – Nedarim 2, 4) (Sussmann n° 1708); Cambridge, T-S F6.4 (Nedarim 3,1-8; v. 3,11 - 4,3) (Sussmann n° 2492); Cambridge, CUL Or 1080.1.36 (Nedarim 4,4 -5,1 v. 5,4 - 6,3) (Sussmann, n° 565); Cambridge, CUL Or 1080.1.38 + CUL Or 1080.2.60 (Nedarim 6,6 – 7,2, v. 7,5 - 8,9) (Sussmann, n° 1567 and n° 1577); Oxford, Bodl. MS Heb d 63.10 (Nedarim 8,5 – 9,1) (Sussmann, n° 885); Cambridge, T-S E1.90 (Nedarim 9,9 - 11,10) (Sussmann, n° 1708); Philadelphia, Katz Center for Judaic Studies, Halper 76 (Nedarim 11,10 – Nazir 3,2) (Sussmann, n° 6996); Cambridge, T-S E1.92 + T-S AS 62.409 (Nazir 3,4 - 4,4; 4,5-5,5) (Sussmann, n° 1710); Cambridge, T-S E1.93 (Nazir 5,5 - 6, v. 6,7 - 7,1) (Sussmann, n° 1710); Cambridge, T-S E1.94 (Nazir 7,1 - 8, v. 8,4 - 9,5) (Sussmann, n° 1710); Cambridge, T-S E1.83 (Gittin 1 - 3,3) (Sussmann, n° 1705); Cambridge, T-S E1.84 (Gittin 3,4-5,6) (Sussmann, n° 1705); Cambridge, T-S E1.85 (Gittin 5,9-7,6) (Sussmann, n° 1705); Oxford, Bodl. MS Heb d 64.88 (Gittin 7,7 - 9,4) (Sussmann, n° 882); Cambridge, T-S F6.16 (Gittin 9,4 – Sotah 1, 9) (Sussmann, n° 2500); New York, JTS, ENA 3593.5 + T-S AS 62.351 + T-S E1.154 (P1) (Sotah 4,1 – 7,3); \r\n- Neziqin: St. Petersburg, RNL, EVR III B 483a, fol. 1 (‘Eduyot 5,9 – 8,2) (Sussmann, n° 8677) \r\n- Qodashim: St. Petersburg, RNL, EVR III B 483a (Antonin) 483a, fol. 2 (Zevahim 1,1 – 3,6) (Sussmann, n° 8677); \r\nToharot: Cambridge, T-S E1.154 (P3) + T-S AS 62.489 (Nega‘aim 3,8 – 5,2); T-S E1.154 (P2) + T-S AS 62.532 + T-S AS 62.272 (Parah 2,5 – 4,3) (Sussmann n° 1763); Cambridge, T-S E1.138 + T-S E1.140 (Parah 8,9 - 9,1 (138r); 9,3 - 10,1 (140r); 10,1 - 10,7 (138v); 11,1-6 (140v) (Sussmann, n° 1749 and n° 1751); Toronto, Friedberg MSS 9-001 c. 2 (Niddah 6,1 (end)-9,5 (beginning) (n° Sussmann, n° 8458); Oxford, Bodl. MS Heb c. 17.35-43 (fol. 35r-v: Niddah 9,5 - ‘Oqṣin 3,3) (Sussmann, n° 759); Toronto, MSS Friedberg 9-001 c. 1 (‘Oqṣin 3,4 – 3,12) (Sussmann, n° 8458). \r\n- Lastly, a small unidentified fragment, T-S AS 62.352, is written by the same scribe.","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"The preserved lines of the colophon read:\r\nברוך שהחיינו וקיימנו והגיענו ל[זמ]ן הזה ברוך שעזרני.\r\nנעתק הדפתר הזה יום ששי בשבת [...בע]שרים ותשעה [ימים] בחדש\r\n].[...מ]אה וחמשין ותרתין שנין לשטרי לחיי [...] לעלם [..","document_text_translation":"“Blessed be the One who has given us life, sustained us and brought us to this time. Blessed be the one who has helped me. / This fascicle was completed on Friday […] on the twenty-ninth of the month / […] one hundred fifty-two of the era of the documents for the life […] and for eternity.”","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"I. Yeivin, The Hebrew Language Tradition as Reflected in the Babylonian Vocalization (in Hebrew), 2 vols, The Academy of the Hebrew Language, Jérusalem, 1985, I, p. 194, defined the vowels of the manuscript as belonging to the 'Middle Babylonian' group.","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"From the Cairo Genizah","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":null,"ktiv_reference":null,"ktiv_link":null,"ktiv_link_date":null,"repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"Toronto, MSS Friedberg 9-001: online catalogue:\r\nhttps://librarysearch.library.utoronto.ca/discovery/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=01UTORONTO_INST:UTORONTO&search_scope=UTL_AND_CI&tab=Everything&docid=alma991106248762206196\r\nI. Yeivin, The Hebrew Language Tradition as Reflected in the Babylonian Vocalization (in Hebrew), 2 vols, The Academy of the Hebrew Language, Jérusalem, 1985.\r\nP. Kahle, J. Weinberg and T. Weinberg, “The Mishna Text in Babylonia: I. Introduction and edition of the texts”, Hebrew Union College Annual 10 (1935), pp. 185-222. \r\nCh. B. Friedmann, “Zur Geschichte der ältesten Mischna-Ueberlieferung. Babylonische Mischna-Fragmente aus der Alt-Kairoer Geniza, veröffentlicht und kritisch untersucht, 1927”, in Jahrbuch XVIII der Jüdisch-Literarischen Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt a.M., 1927.\r\nY. Sussmann (with Yoav Rosenthan and Aharon Shweka), Thesaurus of Talmudic Manuscripts (in Hebrew), 3 vols, the Friedberg Genizah Project and Ben-Zvi Institute, Jerusalem, 2012.\r\nS. Emanuel, Hidden Treasures from Europe (in Hebrew), 2 vols, Mekize Nirdamim, Jerusalem, 2015-2019, II, p. 33, note 60.\r\nJ. Olszowy-Schlanger, “The oldest Hebrew manuscript dated by its colophon: a leaf of a Mishna manuscript with Babylonian vocalization in Toronto”, in Fragment of the Month (June 2023) (https://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/taylor-schechter-genizah-research-unit/fragment-month/fotm-2023/fragment-4)","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2023-05-01T19:13:37.876406+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2023-12-07T20:07:17.227678Z","meta_firstpublished_datetime":"2023-12-07T20:07:17.227515Z","collection":217,"date_century":9,"meta_created_by":3,"meta_lastupdated_by":2,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[1],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[1],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[1],"language":[1,4],"subject_field":[3],"document_text_type":[9],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[2],"vocalisation_type":[3],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[3],"meta_contributors":[2]},{"id":1042,"hand_set":["Universitätsbibliothek Basel, MS AN V 18: Main text scribe - Non-square (Beinoni)"],"itemimage_set":[],"shelfmark":"Universitätsbibliothek Basel, MS AN V 18","name":"","related_items_observations":null,"document_type_other":"","inscription_other":"","writing_material_other":"Quaternions. Quire begins on the hair side. Distinguishables sidesm hair follicles visible on the hair side.","number_of_written_lines":"10","number_of_ruled_lines":"10","ruling_observations":"Visible sporadically only on the hair side. The instrument left coloured traces but this is no relief ruling visible on the flesh side.","height":"31","width":"27","height_of_written_area":"20","width_of_written_area":"18","dimensions_observations":"Top margin - 3 mm. Bottom margin - 10 mm. Left and right margins - 5 mm.","date_mentioned":"","date_ce":"","date_observations":"Erased colophon.\r\nBeḥinat ha-ʿOlam was written after 1306 expulsion of the Jews from France.","locality_of_writing":"","localities_mentioned_in_document":"","estimated_locality":"","place_observations":"","language_other":"","language_observations":"","subject_field_other":"","subject_field_observations":"Beḥinat ha-ʿOlam by Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi\r\nAristotle, Sefer ha-Tapuah","document_text_type_other":"","document_text_transcription":"","document_text_translation":"","document_text_observations":"","vowels_observations":"","special_signs_for_vernacular_words_in_hebrew_letters":"","item_history":"","sfardata_link":null,"sfardata_link_date":"2025-09-12","ktiv_reference":"990000957350205171","ktiv_link":"https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990000957350205171","ktiv_link_date":"2025-09-12","repository_library_link":null,"repository_library_link_date":null,"multipal_link":null,"books_within_books_link":null,"bibliography":"","admin_check":false,"meta_created_datetime":"2025-09-12T16:06:35.902721+01:00","meta_lastupdated_datetime":"2025-09-12T16:14:34.328585+01:00","meta_firstpublished_datetime":null,"collection":274,"date_century":14,"meta_created_by":15,"meta_lastupdated_by":15,"related_items":[],"book_type":[1],"document_type":[],"inscription":[],"writing_material":[1],"ink":[1],"writing_instrument":[],"ruling_existence":[1],"ruling_method":[],"ruling_pattern":[2],"estimated_geographical_area":[5],"language":[1],"subject_field":[17],"document_text_type":[],"transaction_type":[],"hebrew_vocalisation":[1],"vocalisation_type":[],"judeo_arabic_diacritic":[],"meta_authors":[15],"meta_contributors":[]},{"id":281,"hand_set":["Vatican MS. 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