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Parma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: 55v

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Details
Graphic Elements (28)
Specimens (1)

Image

Item Image

Item

Parma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051

Collection

Biblioteca Palatina (Parma, Italy)

Image Name / Folio Number

55v

Graphic Element

NameDivine Symbol - #31432 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeDivine Symbol Divine Symbols

Tetragrammaton
Two yods
Yods with symbols/abbreviation signs

NameJustification - #31436 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeJustification Justifications

Extended letters

NameLetter - #31434 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterAleph DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Main oblique stroke

traced with one stroke
reaches the headline
reaches the baseline
extended at the top with an addition
straight
with thickening at the end

Left-hand downstroke

joins the main oblique stroke
joins the main stroke towards the middle
descends from below the headline
reaches the baseline
rounded
with thickening at the end
with a foot

Foot on the left-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the left-hand downstroke
turns to the right
turns downwards
parallel to the baseline
straight
with a spur

Right arm

joins the main oblique stroke
joins/approaches the main stroke in the middle
slanted
straight
hairline
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced as a separate movement from the right arm
placed centrally
angular juncture with the right arm
parallel to the main stroke
slanted
straight

NameLetter - #31438 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterBeth DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
not parallel to the base
shorter than the base
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
slanted
straight
with tapering at the end

Base

not parallel to the upper bar
longer than the upper bar
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
goes beyond the juncture with the right-hand downstroke
descends below the baseline
turns downwards on the left
with tapering at the end
with a spur

NameLetter - #31444 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterGimel DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

reaches the baseline
wavy
with thinning in the middle
with tapering at the end
with a serif
with a head

Left-hand stroke

joins the stem at the baseline
descends below the baseline
parallel to the baseline
straight
with tapering
with a spur

Head

traced as a separate movement from the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
longer than the width of the nib
diamond-shaped

Serifs

additional stroke
triangle
pointing downwards

NameLetter - #31449 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterDaleth DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

goes beyond the juncture with the right-hand downstroke
parallel to the headline
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
does not reach the baseline
straight
with tapering at the end

Serifs

additional stroke
hairline
pointing upwards
pointing downwards
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - #31454 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterHe DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
longer than the left-hand downstroke
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
straight
with tapering at the end
with a serif

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
separate from the upper bar
shorter than the right-hand downstroke
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
straight
with tapering at the end

Serifs

short line
pointing upwards
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - #31445 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterVav DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
wavy
with thickening in the middle
with tapering at the end
with a head

Head

traced as a separate movement from the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
slanted
diamond-shaped

NameLetter - #31439 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterZayin DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

cross-shaped juncture with the head
reaches the baseline
straight
wedge-shaped
with thickening in the middle
with tapering at the end
with a head

Head

traced as a separate movement from the stem
placed centrally
rounded juncture with the stem
parallel to the headline
pointing upwards
with a serif

Serifs

approach stroke
short line
pointing upwards

NameLetter - #31448 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterḤeth DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

slanted
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
equal to the left-hand downstroke
straight
with tapering at the end

Left-hand downstroke

attached to the upper bar on the left
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
equal to the right-hand downstroke
straight
with tapering at the end

NameLetter - #31446 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterYod DuctusTraced with 1 movements General ShapeTriangular hook Components & Features Main stroke

slanted
straight
with a head

Head

traced with the same movement as the main stroke
placed to the left
slanted
straight
diamond-shaped

NameLetter - #31447 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterKaph DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeRounded Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
not parallel to the base
shorter than the base
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
slanted
straight
with tapering at the end

Base

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
joins the right-hand downstroke with a butt
slanted
not parallel to the upper bar
longer than the upper bar
straight
turns downwards on the left
with tapering at the end
with a spur

Serifs

short line
pointing upwards

NameLetter - #31456 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterKaph: final DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

goes beyond the juncture with the descender
parallel to the headline
straight
with a serif

Descender

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
longer than the height of the line of writing
perpendicular to the baseline
wavy
with thickening in the middle
with tapering at the end
turns upwards at the end to the left

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
pointing upwards
pointing downwards
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - #31459 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterLamed DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Ascender

equal to the height of the line of writing
rounded
with thinning
no flag

Horizontal bar

there is a horizontal bar
traced as a separate movement from the ascender
angular juncture with the ascender
parallel to the headline
placed on the headline
straight

Downstroke

traced with the same movement as the horizontal bar
attached to the horizontal bar
rounded juncture with the horizontal bar
reaches the baseline
rounded

NameLetter - #31455 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterMem DuctusTraced with 4 movements Components & Features Right-hand downstroke

rounded juncture with the left-hand stroke at the headline
does not reach the baseline
slanted to the left
rounded

Base

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
joins the right-hand downstroke with a butt
long: almost joins the left-hand stroke
slanted
with tapering at the end
with a spur

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
rounded juncture with the right-hand stroke
attached to the right-hand stroke with a hairline
reaches the baseline
rounded
with thickening

Left arm

traced as a separate movement from the left-hand downstroke
joins the left-hand downstroke in its upper part
slanted
reaches the headline
straight
no roof

NameLetter - #31440 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterMem: final DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
parallel to the base
equal to the base
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper horizontal bar
angular juncture with the upper horizontal bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight

Base

traced with the same movement as the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
joins the right-hand downstroke with a butt
joins the left-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the left-hand downstroke
parallel to the baseline
straight

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the base
extends above the upper bar
approaches the upper bar at a distance from the left edge
cross-shaped juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight
with thinning

NameLetter - #31443 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterNun DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

shorter than the height of the line of writing
does not reach the baseline
wavy
with thickening
with a head

Base

traced with the same movement as the stem
longer than the head
angular juncture with the stem
juncture with the main stem has a butt
parallel to the baseline
descends below the baseline
straight
turns downwards at the left end
with a spur
with tapering at the end

Head

traced as a separate movement from the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
not parallel to the base
diamond-shaped

NameLetter - #31452 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterNun: final DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Descender

longer than the height of the line of writing
descends slightly below the baseline
wavy
with thickening in the middle
with tapering at the end
with a head

Head

traced as a separate movement from the descender
placed to the left
angular juncture with the descender
slanted
diamond shaped

NameLetter - #31450 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterSamekh DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight
with thinning

Base

there is a base
traced with the same movement as the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
joins the right-hand downstroke with a butt
joins the left-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the left-hand downstroke
concave (rounded) ⋃

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the base
approaches the upper bar at a distance from the left edge
angular juncture with the upper bar
goes below the juncture with the base/right-hand downstroke
perpendicular to the baseline
straight
with thinning

Serifs

additional stroke
crosses the upper bar
hairline
pointing downwards
pointing upwards

NameLetter - #31458 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter Letter'Ayin DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Right arm

traced as a separate movement from the base
slanted
top is level with the top of the left arm
straight
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced as a separate movement from the right arm
placed to the left
angular juncture with the arm
diamond-shaped

Left arm

traced as a separate movement from the base
attached to the base
perpendicular to the baseline
equal to the right arm
straight
with thickening at the end
with a roof

Roof on the left arm

traced as a separate movement from the left arm
placed centrally
angular juncture with the arm
diamond-shaped

Base

traced as a separate movement from the arms
cross-shaped juncture with the right arm
descends below the baseline
longer on the left than the upper end of the left arm
turns downwards on the left
with tapering at the end
with a spur

NameLetter - #31437 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterPe DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeRounded Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

traced with the same movement as the right-hand downstroke
with a spike at the juncture between the right-hand downstroke and the nose
shorter than the base
convex (rounded) ⋂

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight
with tapering at the end

Base

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
juncture with the right-hand downstroke has a butt
slanted
longer than the upper bar
straight
turns downwards on the left
with tapering at the end
with a spur

Nose

traced as a separate stroke
rounded juncture with the upper bar
attached to the extremity of the upper bar
shorter than the height of the line of writing
rounded
turns right
with thickening at the end
with a serif

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
pointing downwards

NameLetter - #31435 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterPe: final DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeRounded Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

traced with the same movement as the descender
convex (rounded) ⋂
with a serif

Descender

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
longer than the height of the line of writing
slanted
straight
turns upwards at the end to the left
with tapering at the end

Nose

traced as a part of the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
equal to the height of the line of writing
rounded
turns right
with thickening at the end
with a spur

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
pointing upwards

NameLetter - #31457 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterṢade DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

slanted to the left \
straight
with thickening at the end
with a roof

Roof on the stem

traced as a separate movement from the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
diamond-shaped

Base

traced with the same movement as the stem
longer than the roof of the stem
angular juncture with the stem
juncture with the stem has a butt
convex (rounded) ⋂
with tapering at the end
turns downwards at the left end
with a spur

Right arm

joins the stem
joins/approaches the stem in its lower part
slanted
straight
hairline
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced with the same movement as the arm
placed to the right
angular juncture with the arm
parallel to the main stroke
slanted
diamond-shaped

NameLetter - #31453 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterQoph DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar of the lobe

parallel to the headline
straight

Lobe

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
equal to the height of the line of writing
lobe faces to the right
angular
with thinning

Descender

starts at the headline
traced as a separate movement from the lobe
attached to the upper end of the lobe below it
longer than the height of the line of writing
perpendicular to the baseline
straight
with tapering at the end

NameLetter - #31441 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterResh DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

slanted
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
does not reach the baseline
slanted
straight
with tapering at the end

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
pointing upwards
pointing downwards
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - #31442 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterShin/Sin DuctusTraced with 5 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Right arm

traced as a separate movement from the left arm
joins the left arm sharply at the baseline
forms a base parallel to the baseline
slanted
equal to the left arm
straight
with thickening at the end
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced as a separate movement from the arm
placed to the left
rounded juncture with the arm
convex (rounded) ⋂
diamond-shaped

Left arm

traced as a separate movement from the right arm
joins the right arm/base at the baseline
slanted
equal to the right arm
straight
with thickening at the end
with a roof

Roof on the left arm

traced as a separate movement from the arm
placed to the left
angular juncture with the arm
diamond-shaped

Middle stroke

traced as a separate movement from the left arm
joins the arms/base
joins/approaches the juncture between the left and right arms
joins/approaches the left arm in its lower part
slanted to the right
straight
hairline
with a roof

Roof on the middle stroke

traced with the same movement as the arm
placed to the right
points downwards
angular juncture with the arm
diamond-shaped

NameLetter - #31451 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterTav DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
longer than the left-hand downstroke
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
straight
with tapering at the end

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
attached to the upper bar
juncture with the upper bar on the left
shorter than the right-hand downstroke
does not reach the baseline
rounded
with thickening at the end
with a foot
no roof

Foot

traced with the same movement as the downstroke
turns to the left
turns downwards
slanted
with tapering at the end
with a spur

Serifs

approach stroke
short line
pointing upwards

NameNexus - #31433 HandParma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square TypeNexus NexusAleph-Lamed DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeHalf square Components & Features Aleph component - square

oblique stroke is wavy
there is no left-hand downstroke
there is a right-hand stroke
right-hand stroke joins the oblique stroke at a pointy angle
right-hand stroke (spike) is straight
right-hand stroke (spike) is slanted
right-hand stroke has a roof

Lamed component - ascender

there is no horizontal bar
rounded juncture with the aleph component
invisible lines are not present
juncture with the aleph component at the headline

Lamed component - flag

traced as a separate movement from the ascender
placed to the left
slanted
wavy

Annotate

Graphic Element

Specimen

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Type

Abbreviation Other Abbreviation Observations

Decorations

(OLD DECORATIONS)

Geometrical micrography

Figurative microcraphy

Carmina figurata layout

Carpet page

Historiated letter

Zoomorphic letter

Anthropomorphic letter

Decorated panel

Decorated initial

Decorated section marker

Penwork decoration

Colour decoration

Letter outline

Acanthus

Heraldry

Ivy

Animals

Dragons

Gymnastic initials

Fantastic beasts

Arabesque

Bas-de-page images

Bar border

Flourish work border

Foliated border

Inhabited border

Guilding

Cadel

Diaper ground

Red and blue diaper

Blank figure on coloured background

Purple diaper

Stain glass diaper

Tendrils diaper

Display script

Grotesque

Fretwork

Drollery

Litterae notabiliores

Litterae florissae

Interlace

Solomon's knot

Pentagramme

Sexagramme

Outline drawing

Multicoloured letter

Alternate coloured letters in a word

Rinceaux

Rosette

Palmette

Tabula ansata

Diagram: halakha

Diagram: kabbala

Diagram: medicine

Diagram: sciences

(Other)

Format and Location

Carpet page

Miniature

Decorated initial word/letter

Marginal image/border decoration

Section markers and other signs

Line fillers

Diagram

Decorated colophon

Masorah magna

Decorated catchword

Other (please specify)

Technique and Medium

Gilding (gold or silver)

Full painting

Light wash

Spare ground painting in ink

Penwork drawing

Carmina figurata

Micrography

Other (please specify)

Colour Palette

Gold

Silver

White

Lilac

Orange

Pink

Green

Yellow

Teal

Blue

Red

Brown

Black

Grey

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Architecture

Doorway

Gable

Crenelation

Tower

Arcade

Window

Pinnacle

Pillar

Caryatid figure

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Interior Scene

Scenes of prayer and worship

Scenes of festive meals

Scenes of betrothal and marriage

Scenes of circumcision

Scenes of study and discussion

Scenes of music-making and dancing

Scenes of work

Scenes of mourning

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Exterior Scene

Scenes of hunting

Scenes of travel

Scenes of jousting and other martial games

Scenes of battle

Scenes of agricultural work

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Zodiac Signs

Aries

Taurus

Gemini

Cancer

Leo

Virgo

Libra

Scorpio

Sagittarius

Capricorn

Aquarius

Pisces

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Human Figures

Biblical

Mishnaic/talmudic

Contemporary (medieval)

Body parts only (please specify in observations box)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Quadruped Animals

Lion

Dog (talbot)

Dog (greyhound)

Dog (generic)

Rabbit/hare

Stag/hind

Elephant

Horse

Cattle

Sheep

Camel

Donkey

Monkey

Wolf

Leopard

Fox

Boar

Bear

Frog

Squirrel

Other (please specify)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Imaginary Creatures

Dragon

Unicorn

Siren

Centaur

Griffin

Wild man

Other hybrids (please specify in observations box)

Other non-hybrids (please specify in observations box)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Birds

Eagle

Stork/crane

Falcon/hawk, and other hunting birds

Owl

Chicken

Peacock

Small birds (please specify in observations box)

Other (please specify)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Foliage

Trefoils, round or pointed

Acanthus

Palmettes

Oak leaves (with/without acorns)

Heart-shaped leaves

Rosettes

Fleurs-de-lis

Fruits/pine cones

Knobs

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Everyday Objects

Shields and other objects featuring heraldic designs

Keys

Scissors

Articles of clothing, headwear or footwear

Ladders

Musical instruments

Axes, knives, swords, non-heraldic shields and bucklers

Food and drink, and implements for eating and drinking

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Other

Temple implements

Landscape

Angels

Demons

Fish

Insects

Leopard mask

Trees

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Letter Decoration

Gilt letters

Zoomorphic/Anthropomorphic letters

Filled letters: animal, hybrid or human motifs

Filled letters: vegetal motifs

Filled letters: knotwork and interlace

Inhabited letters

Letters with geometric patterning (including chequered, striped, chevron or other patterns)

Letters with foliate finials

Letters with scalloped outlines

Letters in alternating colours

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Background Decoration (Penwork)

Palmettes

Tendrils

Non-figural swirls/spirals

Hatching/Cross-hatching

Wavy lines

Groups of three dots

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Background Decoration (Coloured)

Chequered background

Lozenged background

Diapered background (with squares)

Diapered background (with circles)

Monochrome background with tendrils

Monochrome background with groups of three dots

Monochrome plain background

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Decorated Border

Acanthus border

Greek key border

Interlace border

Wavy-line-and-dots border

Ribbon border

Striped border

Twisted rope/guilloche border

Zigzag border

Scalloped border

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Other

geometric and abstract shapes

penwork flourish

interlace and knotwork

Other Decorations Observations

Divine Symbols

Tetragrammaton

Two yods

Three yods

Four yods

Yods with symbols/abbreviation signs

Yod-vav-yod

Variant of Elohim

Basmala

Hamdala

(Other)

Other Divine Symbols Observations

Editorial Symbols

Signe de renvoi

circle

circle + line

manicule

other

Collation sign

graphic symbol

textual or abbreviation

other

Text management

Insertion sign

Replacement sign

Correction sign

Other Editorial Symbols Observations

Justifications

Graphic space fillers

Extended letters

Reduced letters

Broken letters

Anticipation

Abbreviation

Change of script register

Writing above the line horizontally

Writing above the line obliquely

Writing below the line

Vertical writing

Change of orientation of letter components

(Other)

Other Justifications Observations

Letter Ductus (Optional) General Shape (Optional) Components & Features

Ligature name

Cluster of Components and Features

Letters ligatured on the left (initial or medial)

Aleph

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Vav

Zayin

Ḥeth

Ṭeth

Yod

Kaph

Kaph: final

Lamed

Mem

Mem: final

Nun

Nun: final

Samekh

'Ayin

Pe: final

Ṣade

Ṣade: final

Qoph

Resh

Shin/Sin

Tav

Aleph-lamed nexus

Vowel

Diacritic/abbreviation

Letters ligatured on the right (medial or final)

Aleph

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Vav

Zayin

Ḥeth

Ṭeth

Yod

Kaph

Kaph: final

Lamed

Mem

Mem: final

Nun

Nun: final

Samekh

'Ayin

Pe: final

Ṣade

Ṣade: final

Qoph

Resh

Shin/Sin

Tav

Aleph-lamed nexus

Vowel

Diacritic/abbreviation

Letters ligatured on both sides (must also be tagged as left and right)

Aleph

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Vav

Zayin

Ḥeth

Ṭeth

Yod

Kaph

Kaph: final

Lamed

Mem

Mem: final

Nun

Nun: final

Samekh

'Ayin

Pe: final

Ṣade

Ṣade: final

Qoph

Resh

Shin/Sin

Tav

Aleph-lamed nexus

Vowel

Diacritic/abbreviation

Location of juncture

Above the line of writing

Below the line of writing

Within the line of writing

Ligature features

Puzzle imbrication

Invisible lines

Connector

Loop

Split letter

Modification of the letter shape

Modification of the letter size

Modification of the letter position relative to the line

Observations

Magical Character

Meshunnah Character Ductus (Optional) General Shape (Optional) Components & Features

Nexus Ductus (Optional) General Shape (Optional) Components & Features

Numeral

Arabic

Coptic

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Zimām

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1/2

1/3

1/4

1/5

Mozarabic/Toledan

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

10000

Half

Quarter

Third

Rūmī/Fāsī

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Other Numeral Observations

Punctuation

There is no punctuation

Sof pasuq

Dot

2 dots

3 dots

4 dots

Short stroke

2 short strokes

3 short strokes

Paragraph sign: circle

Paragraph sign: decoration

Paragraph sign: '6-shape'

Parashah sign

Haphtara sign

Chapter symbol

(Other)

Other Punctuation Observations

Ṭe'amim

Sof pasuq

Atnaḥ

Segol/shere

Shalshelet

Zaqef qatan

Zaqef gadol

ṭifḥa/ṭarḥa

revia’

Zarqa

Pashṭa/qadma

Shne pashṭin/tre qadmin

Yetiv

Tevir

Pazer

Qarne farah

Telisha gedolah/talsha/tirṣa

Geresh

Gershayim

Paseq/legarmeh

Merkha/maarikh

Munaḥ/shofar holekh/shofar ‘ilui

Mahpakh/shofar hafukh

Darga

Qadma/azla

Telisha qeṭanah (talsha/tarsa)

Merkha kefulah/tere ta’ame/teren ḥuṭrin

Yeraḥ ben yomo/galgal

Geresh muqdam

Atnaḥ hafukh

‘oleh

‘ilui

Deḥi

Ṣinorit

Other Ṭe'amim Observations

Vowel/Diacritic

Babylonian

Ḥireq

Pataḥ (lines)

Pataḥ (dots)

Qameṣ (lines)

Qameṣ (dots)

Ṣere

Ḥolem

Qibbuṣ (lines)

Qibbuṣ (dots)

Ḥitfa (= shewa)

Miniature shin

Miniature samekh

Miniature he

Miniature gimel

Miniature qof

Mid-dot

Compound ḥireq

Compound pataḥ (lines)

Compound pataḥ (dots)

Compound qameṣ (lines)

Compound qameṣ (dots)

Compound ṣere

Compound ḥolem

Compound qibbuṣ (lines)

Compound qibbuṣ (dots)

Palestinian

Pataḥ

Qameṣ

Seghol

Ṣere

Ḥireq

Ḥolem

Qibbuṣ

Dagesh/mappiq/Shewa (L)

Dagesh/mappiq/Shewa (<)

Dagesh/mappiq/Shewa (C)

Rafe

Miniature shin

Miniature samekh

Shin/sin diacritic

Tiberian

Pataḥ

Seghol

Qameṣ

Ṣere

Ḥolem

Ḥireq

Shureq

Qibbuṣ

Shewa

Gaʿya

Rafe

Dagesh/mappiq

Meteg

Ḥaṭef pataḥ

Ḥaṭef seghol

Ḥaṭef qameṣ

Silluq (sof pasuq)

Atnaḥ

Shin/sin dot

Arabic

Fatḥa

Kasra

Ḍamma

Tanwīn

Shadda

Sukūn

Other Vowel/Diacritic Observations

Details

Item

Parma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051

Collection

Biblioteca Palatina (Parma, Italy)

Image Name / Folio Number

55v

Created: 30 Mar 2025, 5:15 p.m. by Miruna-Ștefana Belea

Graphic Elements

Divine Symbol

Parma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Divine Symbol - #31432

Justification

Parma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Justification - #31436

Letter

Specimens

Parma, Palatina MS. Parm. 3051: Main text scribe - Square

Biblioteca Palatina (Parma, Italy)