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Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 Cover

Image
Details
Graphic Elements (17)
Specimens (1)

Image

Item Image

Item

Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137

Collection

The Library of the Romanian Academy (Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Image Name / Folio Number

Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 Cover

Graphic Element

NameLetter - #32892 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterAleph DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Main oblique stroke

traced with one stroke
reaches the headline
reaches the baseline
straight

Left-hand downstroke

joins the main oblique stroke
joins the main stroke at the headline
descends from the headline
reaches the baseline
straight
with thickening at the end
with a foot

Foot on the left-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the left-hand downstroke
turns to the left
turns downwards
slanted
straight
with tapering at the end
with a spur

Right arm

reduced to a roof
joins/approaches the main stroke in its upper part
straight
no roof

NameLetter - #32904 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterBeth DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper bar

slanted
not parallel to the base
longer than the base
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight

Base

parallel to the baseline
not parallel to the upper bar
shorter than the upper bar
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
goes beyond the juncture with the right-hand downstroke
straight

NameLetter - #32903 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterHe DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper bar

parallel to the headline
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
ends higher than the left-hand downstroke
does not reach the baseline
straight

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
separate from the upper bar
longer than the right-hand downstroke
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
straight

NameLetter - #32895 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterVav DuctusTraced with 1 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Downstroke

perpendicular to the baseline
does not reach the baseline
straight
with a head

Head

traced with the same movement as the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
parallel to the headline
straight
large dot
with bifurcation on the left

NameLetter - #32894 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterZayin DuctusTraced with 1 movements General ShapeLozenge Components & Features Downstroke

cross-shaped juncture with the head
does not reach the baseline
slanted
with a drop in the middle
with tapering at the end
with a head

Head

traced with the same movement as the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
slanted
pointing upwards
straight
with bifurcation on the left

NameLetter - #32901 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterḤeth DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper bar

parallel to the headline
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
does not reach the baseline
ends higher than the left-hand downstroke
straight

Left-hand downstroke

attached to the upper bar below it
perpendicular to the baseline
reaches the baseline
ends lower than the right-hand downstroke
straight
with tapering at the end

NameLetter - #32898 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterṬeth DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeRounded Components & Features Right arm

traced as a separate movement from the left arm
joins the left arm sharply at the baseline
rounded
with thickening at the end
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced with the same movement as the arm
placed to the left
angular juncture with the arm
parallel to the headline
straight
with bifurcation on the left

Base

there is a base
rounded juncture with the right arm
concave (rounded) ⋃

Left arm

traced as a separate movement from the right arm
shorter than the right arm
rounded
with thickening at the end
with a roof

Roof on the left arm

traced with the same movement as the arm
placed to the left
angular juncture with the arm
parallel to the headline
straight

NameLetter - #32902 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterYod DuctusTraced with 1 movements General ShapeRounded Components & Features Main stroke

slanted
straight
with tapering at the end
with a head

Head

traced with the same movement as the main stroke
placed to the left
parallel to the headline
straight

NameLetter - #32910 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterLamed DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Ascender

perpendicular to the headline
shorter than the height of the line of writing
straight
with a flag

Flag of the ascender/mast

traced with the same movement as the ascender/mast
attached to the extremity of the mast
placed centrally
as long as a dot (= width of the nib)
pointed

Horizontal bar

traced as a separate movement from the ascender
rounded juncture with the ascender
slanted
placed on the headline
straight

Downstroke

traced with the same movement as the horizontal bar
attached to the horizontal bar
rounded juncture with the horizontal bar
does not reach the baseline
slanted
straight

NameLetter - #32900 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterMem: final DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Upper bar

parallel to the headline
parallel to the base
equal to the base
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight

Base

traced with the same movement as the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
joins the left-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the left-hand downstroke
parallel to the baseline
straight

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the base
approaches the upper bar at a distance from the left edge
angular juncture with the upper bar
straight

Serifs

approach stroke
hairline
pointing upwards

NameLetter - #32909 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterNun DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeHorizontally rectangular Components & Features Downstroke

shorter than the height of the line of writing
does not reach the baseline
slanted to the left \
straight
with thinning
with a head

Base

traced as a separate movement from the downstroke
equal to the head
angular juncture with the downstroke
juncture with the downstroke has a butt
slanted
straight

Head

traced with the same movement as the stem
placed to the left
angular juncture with the stem
parallel to the headline
not parallel to the base
straight
with bifurcation on the right

NameLetter - #32906 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterNun: final DuctusTraced with 1 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Descender

longer than the height of the line of writing
descends slightly below the baseline
slanted to the left \
wedge-shaped
with a drop in the middle
with tapering at the end
with a head

Head

traced with the same movement as the descender
placed to the left
angular juncture with the descender
parallel to the headline
straight

NameLetter - #32899 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterSamekh DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeCircle Components & Features Upper bar

parallel to the headline
straight

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
perpendicular to the baseline
straight
with thinning

Base

there is a base
traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
rounded juncture with the right-hand downstroke
joins the left-hand downstroke
rounded juncture with the left-hand downstroke
concave (rounded) ⋃

Left-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the base
joins the upper bar at a distance from the left end
angular juncture with the upper bar
attached to the upper bar with a hairline
straight
hairline

NameLetter - #32896 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterPe DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeLarger than average letters Components & Features Upper bar

traced with the same movement as the right-hand downstroke
parallel to the headline
not parallel to the base
equal to the base
straight
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
slanted
straight
with a drop in the middle

Base

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
angular juncture with the right-hand downstroke
slanted
not parallel to the upper bar
equal to the upper bar
descends below the baseline
straight
with bifurcation

Nose

traced as a separate stroke
angular juncture with the upper bar
attached to the extremity of the upper bar
attached to the upper bar with a hairline
shorter than the height of the line of writing
straight
ends on the right

Serifs

additional stroke
hairline
pointing upwards

NameLetter - #32893 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterṢade DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Downstroke

slanted to the left \
straight
with a roof

Roof on the downstroke

traced with the same movement as the downstroke
placed to the left
angular juncture with the downstroke
parallel to the headline
straight

Base

traced as a separate movement from the downstroke
longer than the roof of the downstroke
cross-shaped juncture with the downstroke
slanted
straight
turns downwards at the left end

Right arm

joins the stem
DELETE joins/approaches the stem in its lower part
slanted
straight
hairline
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced with the same movement as the arm
placed centrally
angular juncture with the arm
diamond-shaped

NameLetter - #32897 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterQoph DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Upper bar of the lobe

parallel to the headline
straight
with bifurcation

Lobe

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
equal to the height of the line of writing
DELETE lobe faces to the right
angular
with thinning

Descender

traced as a separate movement from the lobe
detached from the lobe
shorter than the height of the line of writing
slanted to the left \

NameLetter - #32907 HandCluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square TypeLetter LetterTav DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

parallel to the headline
straight
with bifurcation

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
shorter than the left-hand downstroke
MERGE slanted to the left \
does not reach the baseline
straight

Left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the right-hand downstroke
juncture with the upper bar below it
longer than the right-hand downstroke
reaches the baseline
straight
with thickening in the middle
with a foot
with a roof

Foot

traced with the same movement as the downstroke
turns to the left
turns downwards
slanted
straight
with thickening at the end
with bifurcation

Roof on the left-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the left-hand downstroke
parallel to the headline
with bifurcation

Annotate

Graphic Element

Specimen

If the Specimen doesn't appear in the above options, please add a new Specimen before continuing

Type

Abbreviation Other Abbreviation Observations

Decorations

(OLD DECORATIONS)

Geometrical micrography

Figurative microcraphy

Carmina figurata layout

Carpet page

Historiated letter

Zoomorphic letter

Anthropomorphic letter

Decorated panel

Decorated initial

Decorated section marker

Penwork decoration

Colour decoration

Letter outline

Acanthus

Heraldry

Ivy

Animals

Dragons

Gymnastic initials

Fantastic beasts

Arabesque

Bas-de-page images

Bar border

Flourish work border

Foliated border

Inhabited border

Guilding

Cadel

Diaper ground

Red and blue diaper

Blank figure on coloured background

Purple diaper

Stain glass diaper

Tendrils diaper

Display script

Grotesque

Fretwork

Drollery

Litterae notabiliores

Litterae florissae

Interlace

Solomon's knot

Pentagramme

Sexagramme

Outline drawing

Multicoloured letter

Alternate coloured letters in a word

Rinceaux

Rosette

Palmette

Tabula ansata

Diagram: halakha

Diagram: kabbala

Diagram: medicine

Diagram: sciences

(Other)

Format and Location

Carpet page

Miniature

Decorated initial word/letter

Marginal image/border decoration

Section markers and other signs

Line fillers

Diagram

Decorated colophon

Masorah magna

Decorated catchword

Other (please specify)

Technique and Medium

Gilding (gold or silver)

Full painting

Light wash

Spare ground painting in ink

Penwork drawing

Carmina figurata

Micrography

Other (please specify)

Colour Palette

Gold

Silver

White

Lilac

Orange

Pink

Green

Yellow

Teal

Blue

Red

Brown

Black

Grey

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Architecture

Doorway

Gable

Crenelation

Tower

Arcade

Window

Pinnacle

Pillar

Caryatid figure

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Interior Scene

Scenes of prayer and worship

Scenes of festive meals

Scenes of betrothal and marriage

Scenes of circumcision

Scenes of study and discussion

Scenes of music-making and dancing

Scenes of work

Scenes of mourning

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Exterior Scene

Scenes of hunting

Scenes of travel

Scenes of jousting and other martial games

Scenes of battle

Scenes of agricultural work

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Zodiac Signs

Aries

Taurus

Gemini

Cancer

Leo

Virgo

Libra

Scorpio

Sagittarius

Capricorn

Aquarius

Pisces

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Human Figures

Biblical

Mishnaic/talmudic

Contemporary (medieval)

Body parts only (please specify in observations box)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Quadruped Animals

Lion

Dog (talbot)

Dog (greyhound)

Dog (generic)

Rabbit/hare

Stag/hind

Elephant

Horse

Cattle

Sheep

Camel

Donkey

Monkey

Wolf

Leopard

Fox

Boar

Bear

Frog

Squirrel

Other (please specify)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Imaginary Creatures

Dragon

Unicorn

Siren

Centaur

Griffin

Wild man

Other hybrids (please specify in observations box)

Other non-hybrids (please specify in observations box)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Birds

Eagle

Stork/crane

Falcon/hawk, and other hunting birds

Owl

Chicken

Peacock

Small birds (please specify in observations box)

Other (please specify)

Unidentified

Figural Pictorial Content: Foliage

Trefoils, round or pointed

Acanthus

Palmettes

Oak leaves (with/without acorns)

Heart-shaped leaves

Rosettes

Fleurs-de-lis

Fruits/pine cones

Knobs

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Everyday Objects

Shields and other objects featuring heraldic designs

Keys

Scissors

Articles of clothing, headwear or footwear

Ladders

Musical instruments

Axes, knives, swords, non-heraldic shields and bucklers

Food and drink, and implements for eating and drinking

Other (please specify)

Figural Pictorial Content: Other

Temple implements

Landscape

Angels

Demons

Fish

Insects

Leopard mask

Trees

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Letter Decoration

Gilt letters

Zoomorphic/Anthropomorphic letters

Filled letters: animal, hybrid or human motifs

Filled letters: vegetal motifs

Filled letters: knotwork and interlace

Inhabited letters

Letters with geometric patterning (including chequered, striped, chevron or other patterns)

Letters with foliate finials

Letters with scalloped outlines

Letters in alternating colours

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Background Decoration (Penwork)

Palmettes

Tendrils

Non-figural swirls/spirals

Hatching/Cross-hatching

Wavy lines

Groups of three dots

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Background Decoration (Coloured)

Chequered background

Lozenged background

Diapered background (with squares)

Diapered background (with circles)

Monochrome background with tendrils

Monochrome background with groups of three dots

Monochrome plain background

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Decorated Border

Acanthus border

Greek key border

Interlace border

Wavy-line-and-dots border

Ribbon border

Striped border

Twisted rope/guilloche border

Zigzag border

Scalloped border

Other (please specify)

Non-Figural Pictorial Content: Other

geometric and abstract shapes

penwork flourish

interlace and knotwork

Other Decorations Observations

Divine Symbols

Tetragrammaton

Two yods

Three yods

Four yods

Yods with symbols/abbreviation signs

Yod-vav-yod

Variant of Elohim

Basmala

Hamdala

(Other)

Other Divine Symbols Observations

Editorial Symbols

Signe de renvoi

circle

circle + line

manicule

other

Collation sign

graphic symbol

textual or abbreviation

other

Text management

Insertion sign

Replacement sign

Correction sign

Other Editorial Symbols Observations

Justifications

Graphic space fillers

Extended letters

Reduced letters

Broken letters

Anticipation

Abbreviation

Change of script register

Writing above the line horizontally

Writing above the line obliquely

Writing below the line

Vertical writing

Change of orientation of letter components

(Other)

Other Justifications Observations

Letter Ductus (Optional) General Shape (Optional) Components & Features

Ligature name

Cluster of Components and Features

Letters ligatured on the left (initial or medial)

Aleph

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Vav

Zayin

Ḥeth

Ṭeth

Yod

Kaph

Kaph: final

Lamed

Mem

Mem: final

Nun

Nun: final

Samekh

'Ayin

Pe: final

Ṣade

Ṣade: final

Qoph

Resh

Shin/Sin

Tav

Aleph-lamed nexus

Vowel

Diacritic/abbreviation

Letters ligatured on the right (medial or final)

Aleph

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Vav

Zayin

Ḥeth

Ṭeth

Yod

Kaph

Kaph: final

Lamed

Mem

Mem: final

Nun

Nun: final

Samekh

'Ayin

Pe: final

Ṣade

Ṣade: final

Qoph

Resh

Shin/Sin

Tav

Aleph-lamed nexus

Vowel

Diacritic/abbreviation

Letters ligatured on both sides (must also be tagged as left and right)

Aleph

Beth

Gimel

Daleth

Vav

Zayin

Ḥeth

Ṭeth

Yod

Kaph

Kaph: final

Lamed

Mem

Mem: final

Nun

Nun: final

Samekh

'Ayin

Pe: final

Ṣade

Ṣade: final

Qoph

Resh

Shin/Sin

Tav

Aleph-lamed nexus

Vowel

Diacritic/abbreviation

Location of juncture

Above the line of writing

Below the line of writing

Within the line of writing

Ligature features

Puzzle imbrication

Invisible lines

Connector

Loop

Split letter

Modification of the letter shape

Modification of the letter size

Modification of the letter position relative to the line

Observations

Magical Character

Meshunnah Character Ductus (Optional) General Shape (Optional) Components & Features

Nexus Ductus (Optional) General Shape (Optional) Components & Features

Numeral

Arabic

Coptic

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Zimām

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1/2

1/3

1/4

1/5

Mozarabic/Toledan

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

10000

Half

Quarter

Third

Rūmī/Fāsī

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Other Numeral Observations

Punctuation

There is no punctuation

Sof pasuq

Dot

2 dots

3 dots

4 dots

Short stroke

2 short strokes

3 short strokes

Paragraph sign: circle

Paragraph sign: decoration

Paragraph sign: '6-shape'

Parashah sign

Haphtara sign

Chapter symbol

(Other)

Other Punctuation Observations

Ṭe'amim

Sof pasuq

Atnaḥ

Segol/shere

Shalshelet

Zaqef qatan

Zaqef gadol

ṭifḥa/ṭarḥa

revia’

Zarqa

Pashṭa/qadma

Shne pashṭin/tre qadmin

Yetiv

Tevir

Pazer

Qarne farah

Telisha gedolah/talsha/tirṣa

Geresh

Gershayim

Paseq/legarmeh

Merkha/maarikh

Munaḥ/shofar holekh/shofar ‘ilui

Mahpakh/shofar hafukh

Darga

Qadma/azla

Telisha qeṭanah (talsha/tarsa)

Merkha kefulah/tere ta’ame/teren ḥuṭrin

Yeraḥ ben yomo/galgal

Geresh muqdam

Atnaḥ hafukh

‘oleh

‘ilui

Deḥi

Ṣinorit

Other Ṭe'amim Observations

Vowel/Diacritic

Babylonian

Ḥireq

Pataḥ (lines)

Pataḥ (dots)

Qameṣ (lines)

Qameṣ (dots)

Ṣere

Ḥolem

Qibbuṣ (lines)

Qibbuṣ (dots)

Ḥitfa (= shewa)

Miniature shin

Miniature samekh

Miniature he

Miniature gimel

Miniature qof

Mid-dot

Compound ḥireq

Compound pataḥ (lines)

Compound pataḥ (dots)

Compound qameṣ (lines)

Compound qameṣ (dots)

Compound ṣere

Compound ḥolem

Compound qibbuṣ (lines)

Compound qibbuṣ (dots)

Palestinian

Pataḥ

Qameṣ

Seghol

Ṣere

Ḥireq

Ḥolem

Qibbuṣ

Dagesh/mappiq/Shewa (L)

Dagesh/mappiq/Shewa (<)

Dagesh/mappiq/Shewa (C)

Rafe

Miniature shin

Miniature samekh

Shin/sin diacritic

Tiberian

Pataḥ

Seghol

Qameṣ

Ṣere

Ḥolem

Ḥireq

Shureq

Qibbuṣ

Shewa

Gaʿya

Rafe

Dagesh/mappiq

Meteg

Ḥaṭef pataḥ

Ḥaṭef seghol

Ḥaṭef qameṣ

Silluq (sof pasuq)

Atnaḥ

Shin/sin dot

Arabic

Fatḥa

Kasra

Ḍamma

Tanwīn

Shadda

Sukūn

Other Vowel/Diacritic Observations

Details

Item

Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137

Collection

The Library of the Romanian Academy (Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Image Name / Folio Number

Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137 Cover

Created: 7 Oct 2025, 3:02 p.m. by Miruna-Ștefana Belea

Graphic Elements

Letter

Specimens

Cluj-Napoca, BAR MS. C.137: Main text scribe - Square

The Library of the Romanian Academy (Cluj-Napoca, Romania)