Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13

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  • Item Images (2)
  • Graphic Elements (46)
  • Specimens (1)
  • Related Items (0)
Details

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13
Bodleian Library (Oxford, United Kingdom)

Item Nature

One leaf document

Writing

Paper
Brown (iron-gall)
Calamus

Ruling

No ruling can be seen
60+marginalia

Date

1051
11th Century CE
8 September 1051 CE

Place

al-Mahdiyya, Sfax
  • Orient
  • Sepharad

Language

  • Hebrew
  • Judeo-Arabic

Document Text

Letter
Letter from Khallūf b. Mūsā Ibn al-Ṣāʾigh, in al-Mahdiyya or Qayrawān, to Abū l-Faraj Yeshuʿa b. Ismāʿīl al-Makhmūrī in Fustat. Dating: September 8, 1051. The writer mentions goods that he bought and shipped. It seems that there is tension between the business partners, but they are keeping the business as usual. The goods are mainly flax, spices (pepper and others), and textiles. Also mentions a Jewish sailor.

Vowels and Signs

No vowels or accents

Other

From the Genizah, 1896.
990053386260205171
https://www.nli.org.il/en/discover/manuscripts/hebrew-manuscripts/itempage?vid=KTIV&scope=KTIV&docId=PNX_MANUSCRIPTS990053386260205171&SearchTxt=Heb.%20a.%203.13,AND (Date accessed: 2026-01-13)
https://genizah.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/volume_5 (Date accessed: 2026-01-13)
M. Gil, In the Kingdom of Ishmael‎ (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv University, 1997), vol. 3.

S. D. Goitein, Letters of Medieval Jewish Traders (Princeton University Press, 1973).

Available online through the Princeton Geniza Project at https://geniza.princeton.edu/documents/5588/ (accessed January 13, 2026).
13 Jan 2026, 10:18 a.m. by Elena Lolli
Elena Lolli
Elena Lolli, 'Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13', in: Hebrew Palaeography Album, General Editors: Judith Olszowy-Schlanger. Consulted online at https://www.hebrewpalaeography.com/data/items/1202/ on 2026-01-13.
Item Images
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: 1r
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: 1v
Item image
Graphic Elements

Abbreviation

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Abbreviation - #37987
Item image

Divine Symbol

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Divine Symbol - #38007
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Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Divine Symbol - #37981
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Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Divine Symbol - #37959
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Justification

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Justification - #37986
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Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Justification - #37993
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Letter

Aleph

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37949
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Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37995
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Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37963
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Beth

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37970
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Gimel

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37968
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Daleth

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37984
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He

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37945
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Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37944
Item image

Vav

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37991
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Zayin

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37958
Item image

Ḥeth

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37977
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37975
Item image

Ṭeth

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37969
Item image

Yod

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37992
Item image

Kaph

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37948
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Kaph: final

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #38004
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37999
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Lamed

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37983
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Mem

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37941
Item image

Mem: final

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37939
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Nun

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37972
Item image

Nun: final

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37974
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Samekh

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37953
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37955
Item image

'Ayin

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37947
Item image

Pe

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37971
Item image

Pe: final

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37994
Item image

Ṣade

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37942
Item image

Ṣade: final

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37997
Item image

Qoph

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37976
Item image

Resh

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37980
Item image

Shin/Sin

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37978
Item image

Tav

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #38003
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Letter - #37957
Item image

Ligature-Connected

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Ligature-Connected - #37988
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Ligature-Connected - #38008
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Ligature-Connected - #37961
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Ligature-Connected - #37989
Item image
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Ligature-Connected - #37990
Item image

Nexus

Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Nexus - #37954
Item image
Specimens
Oxford, Bodleian MS. Heb. a. 3.13: Main text scribe - Cursive
Bodleian Library (Oxford, United Kingdom)
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