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MS. Friedberg 9-001: c 1 recto

Image
Details
Graphic Elements (30)
Hands (0)

Image

Item Image

Item

MS. Friedberg 9-001

Collection

Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto Library (Toronto, Canada)

Image Name

c 1 recto

Graphic Element

NameLetter - Aleph HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterAleph DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Main oblique stroke

does not reach the headline
reaches the baseline
straight
traced with one stroke

Left-hand downstroke

joins the main oblique stroke
descends from the headline
straight
reaches the baseline
with a foot

Right arm

short stroke slanted in respect of the main stem
short arm attached to the oblique stroke
joins the main oblique stroke
joins/faces the main stroke in its upper part
straight

Roof on the right arm

no roof

Foot on the left-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the left-hand downstroke
foot turns to the left
with a serif

NameLetter - Beth HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterBeth DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
shorter than the base
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
straight

Base

slanted
longer than the upper bar
goes beyond the juncture with the right-hand downstroke

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
pointing upwards
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - Gimel HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterGimel DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

straight
slanted to the left
reaches the baseline

Left-hand stroke

joins the stem in its lower part
slanted
straight

Head

there is a head
longer than the width of the nib
straight
parallel to the headline
placed to the right

NameLetter - He HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterHe DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
straight
shorter than the left-hand downstroke

Left-hand downstroke

separated from the upper bar
slanted
with a thickening in the middle
longer than the right-hand downstroke

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
pointing upwards
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - Vav HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterVav DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

perpendicular to the baseline
descends below the baseline
rounded
no head

Serifs

approach stroke

NameLetter - Zayin HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterZayin DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Head

straight
parallel to the headline
crosses the main downstroke
placed centrally in respect of the downstroke

Main stem/downstroke

cross-shaped juncture with the head
straight
short: does not reach the baseline

NameLetter - Ḥeth HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterḤeth DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

slanted

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
straight
equal to the left-hand downstroke
shorter than the left-hand downstroke

Left-hand downstroke

attached to the upper bar on the left
straight
equal to the right-hand downstroke

Serifs

approach stroke

NameLetter - Ṭeth HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterṬeth DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeHorizontally rectangular Components & Features Right arm

rounded
forms a base parallel to the baseline
joins the left arm sharply at the baseline
longer than the left arm
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

traced as an additional stroke
straight
placed to the left

Left arm

straight
perpendicular to the baseline
with a roof
goes below the juncture with the right arm forming a tail

Roof on the left arm

traced as an additional stroke
straight
parallel to the headline
placed centrally
cross juncture between the roof and the stem

NameLetter - Yod HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterYod DuctusTraced with 1 movements General ShapeRounded hook Components & Features Main stroke

curved
longer than the middle of the line of writing
with a head
wavy

Head

traced with the same movement as the downstroke

NameLetter - Kaph HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterKaph DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeHorizontally rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline
parallel to the base
shorter than the base
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
rounded
juncture with the upper bar has a butt
wavy

Base

straight
parallel to the baseline
parallel to the upper bar
turns downwards on the left
longer than the upper bar
joins the right-hand downstroke with a butt

Serifs

additional stroke
approach stroke
short line
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - Kaph: final HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterKaph: final DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline
with a serif

Right-hand descender

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
straight
equal to the height of the line of writing

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - Lamed HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterLamed DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Ascender/mast

straight
perpendicular to the headline
equal to the height of the line of writing
with a flag

Flag of the ascender/mast

pointed
placed to the left
attached to the extremity of the mast
straight

Horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline
placed on the headline
cross-shaped juncture

Right-hand downstroke

attached to the horizontal bar
does not reach the baseline
slanted

NameLetter - Mem HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterMem DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Right-hand downstroke

rounded
sharp triangular juncture with the left stroke at the headline

Base

slanted
convex (rounded)
traced with the right-hand downstroke

Left-hand downstroke

straight
attached to the right stroke sharply at the headline
long: ends close to the baseline
slanted

Left arm

written as a separate movement from the left-hand downstroke
reaches the headline
straight line
slanted

NameLetter - Mem: final HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterMem: final DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Right-hand downstroke

rounded
angular juncture with the upper horizontal bar

Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline
equal to the base

Base

concave (rounded)
parallel to the baseline
joins the left-hand stroke
sharp juncture with the left-hand stroke
juncture with the left-hand stroke below the baseline

Left-hand downstroke

straight
cross-shaped juncture with the upper bar
descends below the juncture with the right-hand downstroke forming a tail

NameLetter - Nun HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterNun DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

straight
slanted to the left
equal to the height of the line of writing
descends below the baseline
with a head

Foot

traced with the same movement as the stem
longer than the head
turns below the baseline on the left

Head

traced as a separate movement
straight
placed to the right of the stem
crosses the stem

NameLetter - Nun: final HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterNun: final DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Descender

straight
slanted to the left
shorter than the height of the line of writing
with a head

Head

traced as a separate movement
straight
placed to the right
crosses the stem

NameLetter - Samekh HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterSamekh DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement
rounded juncture with the upper bar
joins with the left-hand downstroke sharply at the base
rounded

Left-hand downstroke

straight
slanted
joins the right-hand stroke sharply at the base
goes beyond the juncture
crosses the upper horizontal bar

Base

there is no base

NameLetter - 'Ayin HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter Letter'Ayin DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Right arm

traced with the same movement as the base
attached to the left-hand stroke
curved
with a thickening
with a roof
slanted

Roof on the right arm

placed centrally

Left arm

attached to the right arm in its lower part
straight
with a roof
slanted

Roof on the left arm

straight
placed centrally

Base

longer on the left than the upper end of the left arm
turns upwards

NameLetter - Pe HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterPe DuctusTraced with 4 movements General ShapeLozenge Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

traced as a separate movement
straight
parallel to the headline
shorter than the base

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement
angular juncture with the upper bar
rounded
with a thickening

Base

traced as a separate movement
straight
parallel to the baseline
descends below the baseline
longer than the upper bar

Nose

traced as a separate stroke
rounded
turns right
perpendicular to the upper bar
shorter than the height of the line of writing
attached to the extremity of the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
with a thickening at the end

NameLetter - Pe: final HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterPe: final DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

traced as a separate movement
straight
parallel to the headline

Descender

traced as a separate movement
angular juncture with the upper bar
straight
slanted
equal to the height of the line of writing

Nose

traced as a separate stroke
rounded
perpendicular to the upper bar
shorter than the height of the line of writing
attached to the extremity of the upper bar
nose crosses and goes above the upper bar
turns right

NameLetter - Ṣade HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterṢade DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeVertically rectangular Components & Features Main stem/downstroke

straight
slanted to the left
with a roof

Roof on the stem

traced as an additional stroke
straight
slanted
hook-shaped
placed to the left

Base

traced with the same movement as the stem
angular juncture between the stem and the base
concave (rounded)
turns downwards at the left end

Right arm

short arm attached to the stem
joins the stem
joins the stem in the middle
straight
with a roof
slanted

Roof on the right arm

diamond-shaped
placed to the right

NameLetter - Qoph HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterQoph DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

traced as a part of the lobe
straight
parallel to the headline

Lobe

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded
equal to the height of the line of writing

Descender

straight
perpendicular to the baseline
shorter than the height of the line of writing
starts at the headline

NameLetter - Resh HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterResh DuctusTraced with 2 movements General ShapeRounded Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline
with a serif

Right-hand downstroke

traced with the same movement as the upper bar
rounded juncture with the upper bar
rounded
reaches the baseline

Serifs

additional stroke
short line
crosses the upper bar

NameLetter - Shin/Sin HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterShin/Sin DuctusTraced with 5 movements General ShapeTriangular Components & Features Right arm

rounded
forms a base parallel to the baseline
longer than the left arm
with a roof

Roof on the right arm

diamond-shaped
traced with the same movement as the arm
placed to the left

Left arm

straight
slanted
shorter than the right arm
joins the right arm/base at the baseline
with a roof

Roof on the left arm

traced as an additional stroke
straight
parallel to the headline
placed to the left
cross juncture between the roof and the stem

Middle stroke

equal to an average yod
rounded
turns to the left
attached to the right arm in its lower part
with a roof

Roof on the middle stroke

traced as an additional stroke
diamond-shaped
placed to the left

NameLetter - Tav HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeLetter LetterTav DuctusTraced with 3 movements General ShapeSquare Components & Features Upper horizontal bar

straight
parallel to the headline

Right-hand downstroke

traced as a separate movement from the upper bar
attached to the upper bar
angular juncture with the upper bar
straight
equal to the left-hand downstroke

Left-hand downstroke

attached to the upper bar
straight
perpendicular to the baseline
equal to the height of the line of writing
equal to the right-hand downstroke
with a foot

Foot

traced with the same movement as the downstroke
turned to the left

NameJustification HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeJustification Justifications

Extended letters (tav)

NameJustification 2 HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeJustification Justifications

Extended letters (mem: final)

NameJustification 3 HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeJustification Justifications

Broken letters (broken aleph)
Anticipation
Abbreviation

NameAbbreviation - Dots above letters HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeAbbreviation AbbreviationDots above letters

NameDivine Symbol HandScribe of the Babylonian Mishna 'MS A' TypeDivine Symbol Divine Symbols

Three yods

Annotate

Graphic Element

Hand

If the Hand doesn't appear in the above options, please add a new Hand before continuing

Type

Abbreviation Other Abbreviation Observations

Divine Symbols Tetragrammaton Two yods Three yods Four yods Yods with symbols/abbreviation signs Yod-vav-yod Variant of Elohim Basmala Hamdala (Other) Other Divine Symbols Observations

Decorations Geometrical micrography Figurative microcraphy Carmina figurata layout Carpet page Historiated letter Zoomorphic letter Anthropomorphic letter Decorated panel Decorated initial Decorated section marker Penwork decoration Colour decoration Letter outline Acanthus Heraldry Ivy Animals Dragons Gymnastic initials Fantastic beasts Arabesque Bas-de-page images Bar border Flourish work border Foliated border Inhabited border Guilding Cadel Diaper ground Red and blue diaper Blank figure on coloured background Purple diaper Stain glass diaper Tendrils diaper Display script Grotesque Fretwork Drollery Litterae notabiliores Litterae florissae Interlace Solomon's knot Pentagramme Sexagramme Outline drawing Multicoloured letter Alternate coloured letters in a word Rinceaux Rosette Palmette Tabula ansata Diagram: halakha Diagram: kabbala Diagram: medicine Diagram: sciences (Other) Other Decorations Observations

Justifications Graphic space fillers Extended letters Reduced letters Broken letters Anticipation Abbreviation Change of script register Writing above the line horizontally Writing above the line obliquely Writing below the line Vertical writing Change of orientation of letter components (Other) Other Justifications Observations

Letter Ductus General Shape Components & Features

Ligature name

Magical Character

Meshunnah Character Ductus General Shape Components & Features

Punctuation There is no punctuation Sof pasuq Dot 2 dots 3 dots 4 dots Short stroke 2 short strokes 3 short strokes Paragraph sign: circle Paragraph sign: decoration Paragraph sign: '6-shape' Parashah sign Haphtara sign Chapter symbol (Other) Other Punctuation Observations

Details

Item

MS. Friedberg 9-001

Collection

Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto Library (Toronto, Canada)

Image Name

c 1 recto

Last Updated: 1 May 2023, 8:27 p.m.

Graphic Elements

MS. Friedberg 9-001: Letter - Aleph